Original SIGNED CHALK PASTEL Drawing JEWISH Old BOY SCOUT Judaica HEBREW Israel

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Seller: judaica-bookstore ✉️ (2,805) 100%, Location: TEL AVIV, IL, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 285653181309 Original SIGNED CHALK PASTEL Drawing JEWISH Old BOY SCOUT Judaica HEBREW Israel. DESCRIPTION :  Up for sale is a most attractive ORIGINAL PAINTING , Made with CHALK or PASTEL , Depicting a very delicate image of a JEWISH BOY SCOUT from the first days if ISRAEL , dressed in his BOY SCOUT uniforms The LARGE piece is HAND SIGNED by the PAINTER. 25 x 28" . Excellent condition. ( Pls look at scan for accurate AS IS images ) Will be sent inside a protective packaging.

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ISRAEL BOYSCOUTING A Scout (in some countries a Boy Scout, Girl Scout or Pathfinder) is a boy or a girl, usually 11 to 18 years of age, participating in the worldwide Scouting movement. Because of the large age and development span, many Scouting associations have split this age group into a junior and a senior section. Scouts are organized into troops averaging twenty to thirty Scouts under guidance of one or more Scout Leaders. Troops subdivide into patrols of about six Scouts and engage in outdoor and special interest activities. Troops may affiliate with local, national, and international organizations. Some national Scouting associations have special interest programs such as Air Scouts, Sea Scouts, outdoor high adventure, Scouting bands, and rider scouts. Some troops, especially in Europe, have been co-educational since the 1970s, allowing boys and girls to work together as Scouts. Scouting (or the Scout Movement) supports young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, that they may play constructive roles in society. During the first half of the 20th century, the movement grew to encompass three major age groups for boys (Cub Scout, Boy Scout, Rover Scout) and, in 1910, a new organization, Girl Guides, was created for girls (Brownie Guide, Girl Guide and Girl Scout, Ranger Guide). It is one of several worldwide youth organizations. In 1906 and 1907 Robert Baden-Powell, a lieutenant general in the British Army wrote a book for boys about reconnaissance and scouting. Baden-Powell wrote Scouting for Boys (London, 1908), based on his earlier books about military scouting, with influence and support of Frederick Russell Burnham (Chief of Scouts in British Africa), Ernest Thompson Seton of the Woodcraft Indians, William Alexander Smith of the Boys' Brigade, and his publisher Pearson. In the summer of 1907 Baden-Powell held a camp on Brownsea Island in England to test ideas for his book. This camp and the publication of Scouting for Boys are generally regarded as the start of the Scout movement. The movement employs the Scout method, a program of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpacking, and sports. Another widely recognized movement characteristic is the Scout uniform, by intent hiding all differences of social standing in a country and making for equality, with neckerchief and campaign hat or comparable headwear. Distinctive uniform insignia include the fleur-de-lis and the trefoil, as well as badges and other patches. The two largest umbrella organizations are the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), for boys-only and co-educational organizations, and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), primarily for girls-only organizations but also accepting co-educational organizations. The year 2007 marked the centenary of Scouting world wide, and member organizations planned events to celebrate the occasion.*****  Lieutenant General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, OM, GCMG, GCVO, KCB, KStJ, DL (/ˈbeɪdən ˈpoʊəl/ BAY-dən POH-əl; 22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941), was a British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the world-wide Scout Movement, and founder, with his sister Agnes, of the world-wide Girl Guide / Girl Scout Movement. Baden-Powell authored the first editions of the seminal work Scouting for Boys, which was an inspiration for the Scout Movement.[4] Educated at Charterhouse School, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa.[5] In 1899, during the Second Boer War in South Africa, Baden-Powell successfully defended the town in the Siege of Mafeking.[6] Several of his books, written for military reconnaissance and scout training in his African years, were also read by boys. In 1907, he held a demonstration camp, the Brownsea Island Scout camp, which is now seen as the beginning of Scouting.[7] Based on his earlier books, particularly Aids to Scouting, he wrote Scouting for Boys,[8] published in 1908 by Sir Arthur Pearson, for boy readership. In 1910 Baden-Powell retired from the army and formed The Scout Association. The first Scout Rally was held at The Crystal Palace in 1909. Girls in Scout uniform attended, telling Baden-Powell that they were the "Girl Scouts". In 1910, Baden-Powell and his sister Agnes Baden-Powell started the Girl Guide and Girl Scout. In 1912 he married Olave St Clair Soames. He gave guidance to the Scout and Girl Guide movements until retiring in 1937. Baden-Powell lived his last years in Nyeri, Kenya, where he died and was buried in 1941. His grave is a national monument.[9] Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 3 Scouting Movement 4 Writings and publications 5 Art 6 Personal life 7 Commissions and promotions 8 Recognition 8.1 Honours – United Kingdom 8.2 Honours – Other countries 9 Arms 10 See also 11 Notes 12 Related readings: biographies 13 External links Early life[edit] Baden-Powell was a son of The Reverend Professor Baden Powell, Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford University and Church of England priest, and his third wife, Henrietta Grace Smyth, eldest daughter of Admiral William Henry Smyth. After the Rev. Prof. Powell died in 1860 his widow, to identify her children with her late husband's fame, and to set her own children apart from their half-siblings and cousins, styled the family name Baden-Powell. The name was eventually legally changed by Royal Licence on 30 April 1902.[10] The family of Baden-Powell's father originated in Suffolk.[11] His mother's earliest known Smyth ancestor was a Royalist American colonist; her mother's father Thomas Warington was the British Consul in Naples around 1800.[12] Baden-Powell was born as Robert Stephenson Smyth Powell at 6 Stanhope Street (now 11 Stanhope Terrace), Paddington, London, on 22 February 1857. He was called Stephe (pronounced "Stevie") by his family.[13] He was named after his godfather, Robert Stephenson, the railway and civil engineer,[14] and his third name was his mother's maiden name.[15] Baden-Powell had four older half-siblings from the second of his father's two previous marriages, and was the sixth child of his father's third marriage:[16] Warington (1847–1921) George (1847–1898) Augustus ("Gus") (1849–1863), who was often ill and died young Francis ("Frank") (1850–1933) Henrietta Smyth, 28 October 1851 – 9 March 1854, who died before B-P was born John Penrose Smyth, 21 December 1852 – 14 December 1855, who died before B-P was born Jessie Smyth 25 November 1855 – 24 July 1856, who died before B-P was born B-P (22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) Agnes (1858–1945) Baden (1860–1937) The three children immediately preceding B-P had all died very young before he was born.[13] Baden-Powell's father died when he was three. Subsequently, Baden-Powell was raised by his mother, a strong woman who was determined that her children would succeed. In 1933 he said of her "The whole secret of my getting on, lay with my mother."[13][17][18] He attended Rose Hill School, Tunbridge Wells and was given a scholarship to Charterhouse, a prestigious public school named after the ancient Carthusian monastery buildings it occupied in the City of London.[19] However while he was a pupil there, the school moved out to new purpose-built premises in the countryside near Godalming in Surrey. He played the piano and violin, was an ambidextrous artist, and enjoyed acting. Holidays were spent on yachting or canoeing expeditions with his brothers. Baden-Powell's first introduction to Scouting skills was through stalking and cooking game while avoiding teachers in the nearby woods, which were strictly out-of-bounds.[13] Military career[edit] In 1876 Baden-Powell joined the 13th Hussars in India with the rank of lieutenant. He enhanced and honed his military scouting skills amidst the Zulu in the early 1880s in the Natal province of South Africa, where his regiment had been posted, and where he was Mentioned in Dispatches. Baden-Powell's skills impressed his superiors and in 1890 he was brevetted Major as Military Secretary and senior Aide-de-camp to the Commander-in-Chief and Governor of Malta, his uncle General Sir Henry Augustus Smyth.[13] He was posted to Malta for three years, also working as intelligence officer for the Mediterranean for the Director of Military Intelligence.[13] He frequently travelled disguised as a butterfly collector, incorporating plans of military installations into his drawings of butterfly wings.[20] In 1884 he published Reconnaissance and Scouting.[21] Baden-Powell returned to Africa in 1896, and served in the Second Matabele War, in the expedition to relieve British South Africa Company personnel under siege in Bulawayo.[22] This was a formative experience for him not only because he commanded reconnaissance missions into enemy territory in the Matopos Hills, but because many of his later Boy Scout ideas took hold here.[23] It was during this campaign that he first met and befriended the American scout Frederick Russell Burnham, who introduced Baden-Powell to stories of the American Old West and woodcraft (i.e. Scoutcraft), and here that he was introduced for the first time to the Montana Peaked version of a western cowboy hat, of which Stetson was a prolific manufacturer, and which also came to be known as a campaign hat and the many versatile and practical uses of a neckerchief.[13] Baden-Powell was accused of illegally executing a prisoner of war in 1896, the Matabele chief Uwini, who had been promised his life would be spared if he surrendered.[24] Uwini was sentenced to be shot by firing squad by a military court, a sentence Baden-Powell confirmed. Baden-Powell was cleared by a military court of inquiry but the colonial civil authorities wanted a civil investigation and trial. Baden-Powell later claimed he was "released without a stain on my character".[25] After Rhodesia, Baden-Powell served in the Fourth Ashanti War in Gold Coast. In 1897, at the age of 40, he was brevetted colonel (the youngest colonel in the British Army) and given command of the 5th Dragoon Guards in India.[26] A few years later he wrote a small manual, entitled Aids to Scouting, a summary of lectures he had given on the subject of military scouting, much of it a written explanation of the lessons he had learned from Burnham, to help train recruits.[27] Siege of Mafeking, 10 Shillings (1900), Boer War currency issued by authority of Colonel Robert Baden-Powell Baden-Powell returned to South Africa before the Second Boer War and was engaged in further military actions against the Zulus. Although instructed to maintain a mobile mounted force on the frontier with the Boer Republics, Baden-Powell amassed stores and established a garrison at Mafeking. The subsequent Siege of Mafeking lasted 217 days. Although Baden-Powell could have destroyed his stores and had sufficient forces to break out throughout much of the siege, especially since the Boers lacked adequate artillery to shell the town or its forces, he remained in the town to the point of his intended mounted soldiers eating their horses. The town had been surrounded by a Boer army, at times in excess of 8,000 men.[28] The siege of the small town received much attention from both the Boers and international media because Lord Edward Cecil, the son of the British Prime Minister, was besieged in the town.[29][30] The garrison held out until relieved, in part thanks to cunning deceptions, many devised by Baden-Powell. Fake minefields were planted and his soldiers pretended to avoid non-existent barbed wire while moving between trenches.[31] Baden-Powell did much reconnaissance work himself.[32] In one instance, noting that the Boers had not removed the rail line, Baden-Powell loaded an armoured locomotive with sharpshooters and sent it down the rails into the heart of the Boer encampment and back again in a successful attack.[30] Baden-Powell on a patriotic postcard in 1900 A contrary view expressed by historian Thomas Pakenham of Baden-Powell's actions during the siege argues that his success in resisting the Boers was secured at the expense of the lives of the native African soldiers and civilians, including members of his own African garrison. Pakenham stated that Baden-Powell drastically reduced the rations to the native garrison.[33] However, in 2001, after subsequent research, Pakenham decidedly retreated from this position.[13][29] During the siege, the Mafeking Cadet Corps of white boys below fighting age stood guard, carried messages, assisted in hospitals, and so on, freeing grown men to fight. Baden-Powell did not form the Cadet Corps himself, and there is no evidence that he took much notice of them during the Siege. However, he was sufficiently impressed with both their courage and the equanimity with which they performed their tasks to use them later as an object lesson in the first chapter of Scouting for Boys.[34] The siege was lifted on 16 May 1900. Baden-Powell was promoted to major-general and became a national hero.[35] However, British military commanders were more critical of his performance and even less impressed with his subsequent choices to again allow himself to be besieged.[30][33] Ultimately, his failure to properly understand the situation and abandonment of the soldiers, mostly Australians and Rhodesians, at the Battle of Elands River led to his being removed from action.[29][30] Briefly back in the United Kingdom in October 1901, Baden-Powell was invited to visit King Edward VII at Balmoral, the monarch's Scottish retreat, and personally invested as Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB).[36] A World War I propaganda poster drawn by Baden-Powell The South African War had seen the largest British Army ever to leave Britain, and with the end of that War on 31 May 1902 "active Service" effectively ceased. Baden-Powell was given the role of organising the South African Constabulary, a colonial police force,[30] but during this phase Baden-Powell was sent to Britain on sick leave, so was only in command for seven months.[30] He returned to England to take up a post as Inspector-General of Cavalry in 1903. While holding this position, Baden-Powell was instrumental in reforming reconnaissance training in British cavalry, giving the force an important advantage in scouting ability over continental rivals.[37] Also during this appointment, Baden-Powell selected the location of Catterick Garrison to replace Richmond Castle which was then the Headquarters of the Northumbrian Division. In 1907 he was promoted to Lieutenant-General but was left on the inactive list. Eventually he was appointed to the lowly command of the Northumbrian Division of the newly formed Territorial Force.[38] In 1910, after being rebuked for a series of what were regarded as publicity gaffes, one suggesting invasion by Germany, Baden-Powell retired from the Army.[13] Baden-Powell later claimed he was advised by King Edward VII that he could better serve his country by promoting Scouting.[39][40] On the outbreak of World War I in 1914, at the age of fifty-seven, Baden-Powell put himself at the disposal of the War Office. No command was given to him. Lord Kitchener said: "he could lay his hand on several competent divisional generals but could find no one who could carry on the invaluable work of the Boy Scouts".[41] Scouting Movement[edit] Pronunciation of Baden-Powell /ˈbeɪdən ˈpoʊəl/ BAY-dən POH-əl Man, matron, maiden, Please call it Baden. Further for Powell, Rhyme it with Noel —Verse by B-P[42] On his return from Africa in 1903, Baden-Powell found that his military training manual, Aids to Scouting, had become a best-seller, and was being used by teachers and youth organisations,[43] including Charlotte Mason's House of Education.[44] Following his involvement in the Boys' Brigade as a Brigade Vice-President and Officer in charge of its scouting section, with encouragement from his friend, William Alexander Smith, Baden-Powell decided to re-write Aids to Scouting to suit a youth readership. In August 1907 he held a camp on Brownsea Island to test out his ideas. About twenty boys attended: eight from local Boys' Brigade companies, and about twelve public school boys, mostly sons of his friends.[45] Baden-Powell was also influenced by Ernest Thompson Seton, who founded the Woodcraft Indians. Seton gave Baden-Powell a copy of his book The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians and they met in 1906.[46][47] The first book on the Scout Movement, Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys was published in six instalments in 1908, and has sold approximately 150 million copies as the fourth best-selling book of the 20th century.[48] Reviewing the Boy Scouts of Washington, D.C. from the portico of the White House: Baden-Powell, President Taft, British ambassador Bryce (1912) Boys and girls[49] spontaneously formed Scout troops and the Scouting Movement started spontaneously, first as a national, and soon an international phenomenon.[50] A rally of Scouts was held at Crystal Palace in London in 1909, at which Baden-Powell met some of the first Girl Scouts. The Girl Guides were subsequently formed in 1910 under the auspices of Baden-Powell's sister, Agnes Baden-Powell. In 1912, Baden-Powell started a world tour with a voyage to the Caribbean. Another passenger was Juliette Gordon Low, an American who had been running a Guide Company in Scotland, and was returning to the U.S.A. Baden-Powell encouraged her to found the Girl Scouts of the USA.[51] Three Scouting pioneers: Robert Baden-Powell (seated), Ernest T. Seton (left), and Dan Beard (right) In 1929, during the 3rd World Scout Jamboree, he received as a present a new 20-horsepower Rolls-Royce car (chassis number GVO-40, registration OU 2938) and an Eccles Caravan.[52] This combination well served the Baden-Powells in their further travels around Europe. The caravan was nicknamed Eccles and is now on display at Gilwell Park. The car, nicknamed Jam Roll, was sold after his death by Olave Baden-Powell in 1945. Jam Roll and Eccles were reunited at Gilwell for the 21st World Scout Jamboree in 2007. Recently it has been purchased on behalf of Scouting and is owned by a charity, B-P Jam Roll Ltd. Funds are being raised to repay the loan that was used to purchase the car.[52][53] Baden-Powell also had a positive impact on improvements in youth education.[54] Under his dedicated command the world Scouting Movement grew. By 1922 there were more than a million Scouts in 32 countries; by 1939 the number of Scouts was in excess of 3.3 million.[55] Some early Scouting "Thanks Badges" (from 1911) and the Scouting "Medal of Merit" badge had a swastika symbol on them.[56][57] This was undoubtedly influenced by the use by Rudyard Kipling of the swastika on the jacket of his published books,[58] including Kim, which was used by Baden-Powell as a basis for the Wolf Cub branch of the Scouting Movement. The swastika had been a symbol for luck in India long before being adopted by the Nazi Party in 1920, and when Nazi use of the swastika became more widespread, the Scouts stopped using it.[56] Nazi Germany banned Scouting, a competitor to the Hitler Youth, in June 1934, seeing it as "a haven for young men opposed to the new State".[59] Based on the regime's view of Scouting as a dangerous espionage organisation, Baden-Powell's name was included in "The Black Book", a 1940 list of people to be detained following the planned conquest of the United Kingdom.[60] A drawing by Baden-Powell depicts Scouts assisting refugees fleeing from the Nazis and Hitler.[61][62] Tim Jeal, author of the biography Baden-Powell, gives his opinion that "Baden-Powell's distrust of communism led to his implicit support, through naïveté, of fascism", an opinion based on two of B-P's diary entries. Baden-Powell met Benito Mussolini on 2 March 1933, and in his diary described him as "small, stout, human and genial. Told me about Balilla, and workmen's outdoor recreations which he imposed though 'moral force'". On 17 October 1939 Baden-Powell wrote in his diary: "Lay up all day. Read Mein Kampf. A wonderful book, with good ideas on education, health, propaganda, organisation etc. – and ideals which Hitler does not practice himself."[13] At the 5th World Scout Jamboree in 1937, Baden-Powell gave his farewell to Scouting, and retired from public Scouting life. 22 February, the joint birthday of Robert and Olave Baden-Powell, continues to be marked as Founder's Day by Scouts and World Thinking Day by Guides to remember and celebrate the work of the Chief Scout and Chief Guide of the World.[63] In his final letter to the Scouts, Baden-Powell wrote: I have had a most happy life and I want each one of you to have a happy life too. I believe that God put us in this jolly world to be happy and enjoy life. Happiness does not come from being rich, nor merely being successful in your career, nor by self-indulgence. One step towards happiness is to make yourself healthy and strong while you are a boy, so that you can be useful and so you can enjoy life when you are a man. Nature study will show you how full of beautiful and wonderful things God has made the world for you to enjoy. Be contented with what you have got and make the best of it. Look on the bright side of things instead of the gloomy one. But the real way to get happiness is by giving out happiness to other people. Try and leave this world a little better than you found it and when your turn comes to die, you can die happy in feeling that at any rate you have not wasted your time but have done your best. "Be prepared" in this way, to live happy and to die happy – stick to your Scout Promise always – even after you have ceased to be a boy – and God help you to do it.[64] Baden-Powell died on 8 January 1941: his grave is in St Peter's Cemetery in Nyeri, Kenya.[65] His gravestone bears a circle with a dot in the centre "ʘ", which is the trail sign for "Going home", or "I have gone home". His wife Olave moved back to England in 1942, although after she died in 1977, her ashes were taken to Kenya by her grandson Robert and interred beside her husband.[66] In 2001 the Kenyan government declared Baden-Powell's grave a National Monument.[67] Writings and publications[edit] Library resources about Robert Baden-Powell Resources in your library Resources in other libraries By Robert Baden-Powell Resources in your library Resources in other libraries Cover of first part of Scouting for Boys, January 1908 One of Baden-Powell's illustrations from The Wolf Cub Handbook, 1916. Baden-Powell published books and other texts during his years of military service both to finance his life and to generally educate his men.[13] 1884: Reconnaissance and Scouting 1885: Cavalry Instruction 1889: Pigsticking or Hoghunting 1896: The Downfall of Prempeh 1897: The Matabele Campaign 1899: Aids to Scouting for N.-C.Os and Men 1900: Sport in War 1901: Notes and Instructions for the South African Constabulary 1907: Sketches in Mafeking and East Africa 1910: British Discipline, Essay 32 of Essays on Duty and Discipline[68][69] 1914: Quick Training for War Baden-Powell was regarded as an excellent storyteller. During his whole life he told "ripping yarns" to audiences. After having published Scouting for Boys, Baden-Powell kept on writing more handbooks and educative materials for all Scouts, as well as directives for Scout Leaders. In his later years, he also wrote about the Scout movement and his ideas for its future. He spent most of the last two years of his life in Africa, and many of his later books had African themes.[13] 1908: Scouting for Boys 1909: Yarns for Boy Scouts 1912: The Handbook for the Girl Guides or How Girls Can Help to Build Up the Empire (co-authored with Agnes Baden-Powell) 1913: Boy Scouts Beyond The Sea: My World Tour 1915: Indian Memories (American title Memories of India) 1915: My Adventures as a Spy[20] 1916: Young Knights of the Empire: Their Code, and Further Scout Yarns[70] 1916: The Wolf Cub's Handbook 1918: Girl Guiding 1919: Aids To Scoutmastership 1921: What Scouts Can Do: More Yarns 1921: An Old Wolf's Favourites 1922: Rovering to Success 1927: Life's Snags and How to Meet Them 1929: Scouting and Youth Movements est 1929: Last Message to Scouts[71] 1932: He-who-sees-in-the-dark; the Boys' Story of Frederick Burnham, the American Scout[72] 1933: Lessons From the Varsity of Life 1934: Adventures and Accidents 1935: Scouting Round the World 1936: Adventuring to Manhood 1937: African Adventures 1938: Birds and Beasts of Africa 1939: Paddle Your Own Canoe 1940: More Sketches Of Kenya Most of his books (the American editions) are available online.[73] Compilations and excerpts comprised: B.-P.'s Outlook: Selections from the Founder's contributions to "The Scouter" magazine from 1909–1940. C. Arthur Pearson Limited. 1955. Adventuring with Baden-Powell: Stories,yarns and essays. Blandford Press. 1956. ASIN B0000CJLLR. Dr. Mario Sica, ed. (2007). Playing the Game: A Baden-Powell Compendium. MacMillan. ISBN 978-1-4050-8827-5. Baden-Powell also contributed to various other books, either with an introduction or foreword, or being quoted by the author, 1905: Ambidexterity by John Jackson[74] 1839: Fifty years against the stream: The story of a school in Kashmir, 1880–1930 by E.D. Tyndale-Biscoe about the Tyndale Biscoe School[75][74] Art[edit] Olave Baden-Powell Baden-Powell's father often sketched caricatures of those present at meetings, while his maternal grandmother was also artistic. Baden-Powell painted or sketched almost every day of his life. Most of his works have a humorous or informative character.[13] His books are scattered with his pen-and-ink sketches, frequently whimsical. He did a large unknown number of pen-and-ink sketches; he always travelled with a sketchpad that he used frequently for pencil sketches and "cartoons" for later water-colour paintings. He also created a few sculptures. There is no catalogue of his works, many of which appear in his books, and twelve paintings hang in the British Scout Headquarters at Gilwell Park. In 1911 and 1912, he had fishing holidays in Norway. There was an exhibition of his work at the Willmer House Museum, Farnham, Surrey, from 11 April – 12 May 1967; a text-only catalogue was produced.[76] Personal life[edit] In January 1912, Baden-Powell was en route to New York on a Scouting World Tour, on the ocean liner SS Arcadian, when he met Olave St Clair Soames.[77][78] She was 23, while he was 55; they shared the same birthday, 22 February. They became engaged in September of the same year, causing a media sensation due to Baden-Powell's fame. To avoid press intrusion, they married in private on 30 October 1912, at St Peter's Church in Parkstone.[79] 100,000 Scouts had each donated a penny to buy Baden-Powell a wedding gift, a 20 h.p. Standard motor-car (not the Rolls-Royce they were presented with in 1929).[80] There is a display about their marriage inside St Peter's Church, Parkstone.[81] Baden-Powell and Olave lived in Pax Hill near Bentley, Hampshire from about 1919 until 1939.[82] The Bentley house was a gift from her father.[83] After they married, Baden-Powell began to suffer persistent headaches which were considered by his doctor to be psychosomatic, and which were treated with dream analysis.[13] Baden-Powells' grave at St Peter's Cemetery in Nyeri, Kenya In 1939, Baden-Powell and Olave moved to a cottage he had commissioned in Nyeri, Kenya, near Mount Kenya, where he had previously been to recuperate. The small one-room house, which he named Paxtu, was located on the grounds of the Outspan Hotel, owned by Eric Sherbrooke Walker, Baden-Powell's first private secretary and one of the first Scout inspectors.[13] Walker also owned the Treetops Hotel, approximately 17 km out in the Aberdare Mountains, often visited by Baden-Powell and people of the Happy Valley set. The Paxtu cottage is integrated into the Outspan Hotel buildings and serves as a small Scouting museum.[84] Baden-Powell's children and grandchildren were as follows: Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell (1857–1941), m. (1912) Olave St Clair Soames (1889–1977)[85] Arthur Robert Peter Baden-Powell (1913–1962) (later 2nd Baron Baden-Powell), m. (1936) Carine Crause-Boardman[86] Robert Crause Baden-Powell (1936–2019) (later 3rd Baron Baden-Powell) David Michael Baden-Powell (b. 1940) (now 4th Baron Baden-Powell) Wendy (b. 1944) Heather Grace Baden-Powell (1915–1986), m. (1940) John Hall King (1913–2004) Michael (1942–1966), who died in the sinking of SS Heraklion Timothy (1946–1995) Betty St Clair Baden-Powell[87] (1917–2004), m. (1936) Gervas Charles Robert Clay (1907–2009)[88] Gillian Robin Nigel Crispin In addition, when Olave's sister Auriol Davidson (née Soames) died in 1919, Olave and Robert took her three nieces, Christian (1912–1975), Clare (1913–1980), and Yvonne (1918–1995?), into their family and brought them up as their own children.[89] Three of Baden-Powell's many biographers comment on his sexuality; the first two (in 1979 and 1986) focused on his relationship with his close friend Kenneth McLaren.[90]:217–218[91]:48 Tim Jeal's later (1989) biography discusses the relationship and finds no evidence that this friendship was of an erotic nature.[13]:82 Jeal then examines Baden-Powell's views on women, his appreciation of the male form, his military relationships, and his marriage, concluding that, in his personal opinion, Baden-Powell was a repressed homosexual.[13]:103 Jeal's arguments and conclusion are dismissed by Procter and Block (2009) as "amateur psychoanalysis", for which there is no physical evidence.[92]:6 Commissions and promotions[edit] Baden-Powell with wife and three children, 1917 Commissioned sub-lieutenant, 13th Hussars, 11 September 1876[93] (retroactively granted the rank of lieutenant from the same date on 17 September 1878[94]) Captain, 13th Hussars, 16 May 1883[95] Brevet major, British Army, 1890[96] Major, 13th Hussars, 1 July 1892[97] Brevet lieutenant colonel, British Army, 25 March 1896[98] Lieutenant colonel, 13th Hussars, 25 April 1897[99] Brevet colonel, British Army, 8 May 1897[100] Commanding officer, 5th Dragoon Guards, 1897[101] Major general, 23 May 1900[102] Inspector General of Cavalry, British Army Lieutenant general, 10 June 1907[103] Recognition[edit] Statue by Don Potter in front of Baden-Powell House in London Statue by David Annand in Poole Memorial to Baden-Powell, "Chief Scout of the World", at Westminster Abbey In 1937 Baden-Powell was appointed to the Order of Merit, one of the most exclusive awards in the British honours system, and he was also awarded 28 decorations by foreign states, including the Grand Officer of the Portuguese Order of Christ,[104] the Grand Commander of the Greek Order of the Redeemer (1920),[105] the Commander of the French Légion d'honneur (1925), the First Class of the Hungarian Order of Merit (1929), the Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog of Denmark, the Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion, the Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix, and the Order of Polonia Restituta.[106] The Silver Wolf Award was originally worn by Robert Baden-Powell.[107] The Bronze Wolf Award, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, was first awarded to Baden-Powell by a unanimous decision of the then International Committee on the day of the institution of the Bronze Wolf in Stockholm in 1935. He was also the first recipient of the Silver Buffalo Award in 1926, the highest award conferred by the Boy Scouts of America.[108] In 1927, at the Swedish National Jamboree he was awarded by the Österreichischer Pfadfinderbund with the "Großes Dankabzeichen des ÖPB.[109]:113 In 1931 Baden-Powell received the highest award of the First Austrian Republic (Großes Ehrenzeichen der Republik am Bande) out of the hands of President Wilhelm Miklas.[109]:101 Baden-Powell was also one of the first and few recipients of the Goldene Gemse, the highest award conferred by the Österreichischer Pfadfinderbund.[110] In 1931, Major Frederick Russell Burnham dedicated Mount Baden-Powell[111] in California to his old Scouting friend from forty years before.[112][113] Today, their friendship is honoured in perpetuity with the dedication of the adjoining peak, Mount Burnham.[114] Baden-Powell was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize on numerous occasions, including 10 separate nominations in 1928.[115] He was awarded the Wateler Peace Prize in 1937.[116] In 2002, Baden-Powell was named 13th in the BBC's list of the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide vote.[117] As part of the Scouting 2007 Centenary, Nepal renamed Urkema Peak to Baden-Powell Peak.[118] In June 2020, following the tearing down of Edward Colston's statue in Bristol by protesters in response to the killing of George Floyd, Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council announced that a statue of Baden-Powell on Poole Quay would be removed temporarily for its protection, on police advice amid fears it was on a "target list for attack" by protestors because they believed that he held homophobic and racist views.[119] Honours – United Kingdom[edit] Ribbon Description Notes Ashanti Star 1895 British South Africa Company Medal 1896 Queen's South Africa Medal 1896 Order of the Bath (CB) Appointed Companion in 1901 King's South Africa Medal with SOUTH AFRICA 1901, SOUTH AFRICA 1902 Clasp Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) Appointed Knight Commander on 3 October 1909[120] Order of the Bath (KCB) Appointed Knight Commander on 12 October 1909[121] King George V Coronation Medal Decoration awarded on 30 June 1911 Venerable Order of St John (KStJ) Appointed Knight of Grace on 23 May 1912[122] Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) Appointed Knight Grand Cross on 1 January 1923[123] Baronet (BT) Appointed Baronet on 1 January 1921[124] (dated 21 February 1923[125]) Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) Appointed Knight Grand Cross on 3 June 1927[126] Baron Baden-Powell, of Gilwell in the County of Essex 17 September 1929[127] King George V Silver Jubilee Medal Decoration awarded on 6 May 1935 Order of Merit (OM) Appointed member on 11 May 1937[128] King George VI Coronation Medal Decoration awarded on 12 May 1937 Honours – Other countries[edit] Ribbon Description Notes Grand Officer of the Military Order of Christ (Portugal) Decoration awarded on 7 October 1919[129] Grand Officer level (GOC)  Portuguese award Grand Commander of the Order of the Redeemer Decoration awarded on 21 October 1920[130] Grand Commander level  Greek award Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog Decoration awarded on 11 October 1921[131] Grand Cross level  Danish award Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion Decoration awarded on 6 November 1929[132] Grand Cross level  Czechoslovakian award Knight of the Hungarian Order of Merit Decoration awarded in 1929 Knight level, Grand Cross after 1935  Hungarian award Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix Decoration awarded in 1930 Grand Cross level  Greek award Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau Decoration awarded in 1932 Grand Cross level  Dutch award Arms[edit] Coat of arms of Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell hide Adopted 1929 Coronet Coronet of a baron. Crest 1st: a Lion passant Or in the paw a broken Tilting Spear in bend proper pendent therefrom by a Riband Gules an Escutcheon resting on a Wreath Sable charged with a Pheon Or (Powell); 2nd: out of a Crown Vallary Or a Demi Lion rampant Gules on the head a like Crown charged on the shoulders with a Cross Pattée Argent and supporting with the paws a Sword Erect proper Pommel and Hilt Gold (Baden). Escutcheon Quarterly: 1 and 4th, Per fess Or and Argent a Lion rampant gules between two Tilting Spears erect proper (Powell); 2nd and 3rd, Argent a Lion rampant proper on the head a Crown Vallary Or between four Crosses pattée Gules and as many Fleur-de-lis Azure alternately (Baden). Supporters Not shown here. Dexter: an Officer of 13th/18th Hussars in full dress his Sword drawn over his shoulder proper; sinister: a Boy Scout holding a Staff also proper. Motto Ar Nyd Yw Pwyll Pyd Yw (Welsh: Where there is steadiness, there will be a Powell). Orders Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) – 9 November 1909 (CB: 1901) Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) – 1 January 1923 (KCVO: 3 October 1909) Knight of Grace of the Venerable Order of St John (KStJ) – 23 May 1912 Grand Officer of the Order of Christ of Portugal (GOC) – 7 October 1919 Grand Commander of the Order of the Redeemer of the Kingdom of Greece – 21 October 1920 Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog of Denmark – 11 October 1921 Baronet – 1 January 1921 (dated 21 February 1923) Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) – 3 June 1927 Baron Baden-Powell, of Gilwell in the County of Essex – 17 September 1929 Member of the Order of Merit (OM) – 11 May 1937 **** Scouting for Boys: A handbook for instruction in good citizenship is a book on Boy Scout training, published in various editions since 1908. Early editions were written and illustrated by Robert Baden-Powell with later editions being extensively rewritten by others. The book was originally a manual for self-instruction in observation, tracking and woodcraft skills as well as self-discipline and self-improvement, about the British Empire and duty as citizens with an eclectic mix of anecdotes and unabashed personal observations and recollections. It is pervaded by a degree of moral proselytizing and references to the author's own exploits. It is based on his boyhood experiences, his experience with the Mafeking Cadet Corps during the Second Boer War at the Siege of Mafeking, and on his experimental camp on Brownsea Island, England. Contents 1 History 2 Editions 2.1 British editions 2.2 Other editions 3 Contents 3.1 Part I. Scoutcraft 3.2 Part II. Tracking, Woodcraft 3.3 Part III. Camp life, Campaigning 3.4 Part IV. Endurance and chivalry 3.5 Part V. Saving life and patriotism 3.6 Part VI. Notes for instructors, Scouting games, practices, and displays 4 Copyright status 5 See also 6 References 7 External links History[edit] Scouting for Boys (1908) was Baden-Powell's rewrite of his earlier book Aids to Scouting (1899)[2] with many youth training ideas openly taken from The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians (1906)[3] written by Ernest Thompson Seton, who later became the Chief Scout of the Boy Scouts of America.[4][5] Aids to Scouting was mostly a written explanation of the military scouting and self-reliance skills lessons Baden-Powell had learned from Frederick Russell Burnham, the British Army Chief of Scouts, but following the siege of Mafeking this military handbook unexpectedly became popular with many youth groups and educators, like Charlotte Mason, in Britain.[4][6][7] At Mafeking, Baden-Powell's adjutant had recruited and trained boys aged 12–15 as cadets and during the siege they acted as postmen, messengers, and later to carry the wounded, to free men for fighting. Upon his return to England, following the Second Boer War, Baden-Powell learned some British schools had been using Aids to Scouting to teach observation and deduction. In 1906, Seton discussed youth training ideas with Baden-Powell and shared with him a copy of The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians.[5] Soon after, Baden-Powell decided to revise Aids to Scouting into a book for boys.[4] Several friends supported Baden-Powell, including Sir William Alexander Smith, founder of the Boys' Brigade, Cyril Arthur Pearson, who owned newspapers and printing presses, and the novelist Maria Fetherstonhaugh, who provided a quiet Wimbledon house where he could write.[8][9] Baden-Powell wrote a draft, then called Boy Patrols, which he used and tested with 22 boys for one week at camp on Brownsea Island in the summer of 1907, where Pearson's literary editor Percy Everett assisted.[4] Scouting for Boys was published in six fortnightly instalments of approximately 70 pages each, from January to March 1908. They were produced by Pearson's printer, Horace Cox. These six publications were a success and, as planned, were issued in book form on 1 May 1908. Although Aids to Scouting strongly influenced the book, Scouting for Boys presents Scouting from the perspective of outdoorsmen and explorers rather than military men, and it adds the Scout Oath, Scout Law, honours and games for youth.[4][5] The book was revised and an enormous variety of editions were published. Many of these editions were edited by others and, far beyond mere editing, whole sections were written by authors other than Baden-Powell. The book was a best seller upon release, and, in its various editions, is claimed to have become one of the best-selling books in history. Scouting for Boys has been translated into many languages. In 1948, editions of the book were still selling 50,000 copies annually. Only in 1967 was a decline noted by the publisher and in the last decades of the 20th century the book came to be seen as a period curiosity even by the Scout Movement.[8] It is claimed to be the fourth bestselling book of the 20th century.[10][11] A realistic estimate is that approximately 4 million copies of the UK edition have been sold. Extrapolating this to 87 different language editions worldwide, historic world sales of Scouting for Boys can be estimated at 100 to 150 million copies since 1908.[12][13] In her introduction to the 2005 edition, Elleke Boehmer criticises the book saying "the text was deeply scored through with a contemporary class prejudice which would have been off-putting to non-middle-class readers, as captured in the sharp aphorism that bees form a 'model community, for they respect their Queen and kill their unemployed' (p.117) Character observation in many ways meant reading for the signs of working-class poverty."[14] Editions[edit] Scouting for Boys has been published in over thirty consecutive editions by London based C. Arthur Pearson Ltd., and it is translated to all the major languages of the world. Estimatedly, over 100 million books have been printed, making it rank high in the list of best-selling books.[4][15] The internet page www.scoutingforboysroundtheworld.org has identified more than 300 different editions and included them in a database accessible via this internet page. Users can also add missing editions to the database themselves. British editions[edit] Scouting for Boys (First published ed.). London, Windsor House, Bream's Buildings, E.C.: Horace Cox (printer for C.A. Pearson). January–March 1908. pp. six instalments of approx 70 pages each. Scouting for Boys (1st bookform, cloth-bound ed.). London, Henrietta Street: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. 1 May 1908. pp. 288 pages. Scouting for Boys (2nd revised ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. June 1909. pp. 310 pages. plus advertisements Scouting for Boys (3rd enlarged ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. July 1910. Scouting for Boys (4th enlarged and revised ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. October 1911. Scouting for Boys (5th ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. November 1912. Scouting for Boys (6th ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. April 1913. Scouting for Boys (7th ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. December 1913. Scouting for Boys (8th ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. January 1916. pp. 352 pages. Scouting for Boys (9th ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. May 1918. pp. 334 pages. Scouting for Boys (11th ed.). London, Tower House: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. 1924. pp. 338 pages. Scouting for Boys (12th ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. 1926. pp. 338 pages. Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys (Boy's ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. 1932. pp. 226 pages. Sgowtio i Fechgyn gan Arglwydd Baden-Powell o Gilwel (Argraffiad y Bechgyn ed.). Caerfyrddin: W. Spurrell a'i Fab. 1932. pp. 232 pages. Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys (Memorial 22nd ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. 1944. pp. 328 pages. Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys (30th ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. 1957. pp. 328 pages. Scouting for Boys (33rd ed.). London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. 1961. pp. 330 pages. Scouting for Boys (abridged ed.). London: The Boy Scouts Association. 1963. pp. 182 pages. Scouting for Boys (paperback ed.). The Scout Association. 1998. ISBN 0-85165-247-6. Elleke Boehmer, ed. (2004). Scouting for Boys (hard cover ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280547-9. Elleke Boehmer, ed. (June 2005). Scouting for Boys (paperback ed.). Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 448 pages. ISBN 0-19-280246-1. Other editions[edit] Scouting for Boys (Special Canadian ed.). Ottawa: The Boy Scouts Association. 1939. pp. 334 pages. Jan Schaap, ed. (1944). Het verkennen voor jongens (in Dutch) (5th, cloth bound ed.). 's-Gravenhage: De Nederlandsche Padvinders. pp. 269 pages. Scouting for Boys in India (1st Indian ed.). General Headquarters of the Boy Scout Association in India. 1946. pp. 316 pages. Scouting for Boys (World Brotherhood ed.). Boy Scouts of America for and on behalf of the Boy Scouts International Bureau. 1946. pp. 328 pages. Het verkennen voor jongens (in Dutch) (6th, hard cover ed.). 's-Gravenhage: Nationale Padvindersraad. c. 1950. pp. 395 pages. Scouting for Boys. Boy Scouts of Canada. 1973. pp. 331 pages. Mir Mohammad Mohsin, ed. (1973). Scouting brā'ē tiflān (in Urdu). Islamabad: National Book Foundation. Theo P.M. Palstra, ed. (1977). Verkennen voor jeugd (in Dutch) (10th, paperback ed.). Amersfoort: Scouting Nederland. pp. 301 pages. Fausto Catani, ed. (1978). Scautismo per ragazzi (in Italian). Milan: Ancora. pp. 438 pages. Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys (Brownsea jubilee ed.). Boy Scouts of America. 1982. ISBN 0-8395-3591-0. P.V. Paulose, ed. (1982). Skauttingu-kuttikalkku (in Malayalam). Trivandrum: Bharat Scouts and Guides. pp. 456 pages. Pfadfinder: ein Handbuch der Erziehung (in German) (13th ed.). Bern: Pfadfinder-Materialbüro. 1983. pp. 315 pages. Frithiof Dahlby, ed. (1983). Scouting for boys (in Swedish). Stockholm: Scoutförl. pp. 192 pages. Paula Koho, ed. (1986). Partiopojan kirja (in Finnish) (3rd ed.). Helsinki: Partiokirja. pp. 350 pages. Stanisław Kapiszewski, ed. (1990). Skauting dla chłopców : wychowanie dobrego obywatela metodą puszczańską (in Polish). Warsaw: Oficyna Przeglądu Powszechnego. pp. 375 pages. József Illy, ed. (1994). Cserkészet fiúknak: kézikönyv a jó állampolgár neveléséhez az erdőjárás révén (in Hungarian). Budapest: M. Cserkészcsapatok Szövets. pp. 277 pages. José Francisco dos Santos, ed. (May 1993). Escutismo para rapazes (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Corpo Nacional de Escutas. pp. 310 pages. Peter Bleeser, ed. (1996). Pfadfinder (in German) (3rd ed.). Neuss: Georgs-Verlag. pp. 309 pages. R. Chandrasekharan, ed. (2000). Bālakarigāgi skauting (in Kannada). Bangalore: Navakarnataka. pp. 321 pages. Kevin Y.L. Tan, ed. (2004). Scouting for Boys (in Malay) (hard cover ed.). Singapore: Brownsea Singapore. ISBN 981-05-1830-7. B. Ramachandran, LT(S), ed. (December 2008). Siruvar Saaraniyam (Tamil) (in Tamil). Chennai: BRJB Publishers. pp. 335 pages. Scouting for Boys - cercetășia pe înțelesul tuturor (in Romanian). Scout Shop. 2017. pp. 280 pages. ISBN 978-973-0-25814-1. Contents[edit] All parts of the six installments in 1908 have the title Scouting for Boys in big capitals. With a listed price of '4d. net', it was affordable to many boys, many of whom would have been at work, as the school-leaving age was 14. Authorship is attributed thus: 'by B-P (Lieut. Gen. Baden Powell C.B.)' (sic). Most chapters start with hints to instructors. All chapters have campfire yarns, appealing to boys, most contain sections with games and activities, and they close with recommendations for books to read.[16] Part I. Scoutcraft[edit] The first installment contains pages 3 to 70. It provides the basic details of Scouting. 1 Mafeking boy scouts, Scouts' work, "Kim", Books 2 Summary of Scout's course of instruction, the Elsdon murder 3 Boy Scouts' organisation, the scout's oath, Scout's salute and secret sign, Scout's uniform, Scout's war songs, patrol signs 4 Scout law, Scouting games, Scout's play Part II. Tracking, Woodcraft[edit] The second part covers pages 71 to 142. It contains chapter II on tracking and chapter III on woodcraft, each with three camp fire yarns. 5 Observation of "sign", Noticing sign, Details of people, Signs round a dead body, Details in the country, Using your eyes, Books to read on observation, hints to instructors, Games in observation 6 Spooring, Men's tracks, hints to spooring, hints to instructors, Tracking games, Books to read on spooring 7 Reading "sign" or deduction, Instances of deduction, Hints to instructors, Example of practice in deduction, Books to read 8 Stalking, How to hide yourself, How to teach stalking, Games in stalking, Books on stalking 9 Animals, Birds, Reptiles and fishes, Insects, Hints to instructors, Honours, Lion hunting, Books to read, Play 10 Plants, Trees, Hints for instructor, Games, Books to read, Play Part III. Camp life, Campaigning[edit] The third part covers pages 143 to 206. It contains chapter IV on camp life, and chapter V on campaigning. 11 Pioneering, Hut building, Felling trees, How to make bridges, Self measures, the Scout is always a handy-man, Hints to instructors, Books to read 12 Camping, Comfort in camp, Camp fires-the right way of making them, Tidiness, Hints to instructors 13 Camp life, Cooking, Bread making, Cattle-driving and slaughtering, Cleanliness, Water, Hints to instructors, Camp games, Book to read 14 Life in the open, Exploration, Boat cruising, Watermanship, Mountaineering, Patrolling, Night work, Weather wisdom, Hints to instructors, Games, Books on life in the open 15 Pathfinding, Judging heights and distances, Finding the North, Hints to instructors, Games in pathfinding, Books to read 16 Information by signal, Signalling, Whistle and flag signals, Practices in signalling, Hints to instructors, Marks towards badges of honour in campaigning, Dispatch running, Display Part IV. Endurance and chivalry[edit] The fourth part covers pages 207 to 270. It contains chapter VI Endurance for Scouts, or How to be strong, and chapter VII Chivalry of the knights. 17 How to grow strong: A Scout's endurance, Exercises and their object, The nose, Ears, Eyes, Teeth, Hints to instructors, Games to develop strength, Books to read 18 Health-giving habits: How to keep healthy, Keep yourself clean, Smoking, Drinking, Early rising, Smile, Practices, Books to read 19 Prevention of disease: Camp doctoring, Microbes and how to fight them, Food, Clothing, Practices, Games, Books to read 20 Chivalry of the knights: Chivalry to others, St. George, The knights' code, Unselfishness, Self-sacrifice, Kindness, Tips, Friendliness, Politeness, Courtesy to women, Practices, Hints to instructors, Games, Play, Books to read 21 Self-discipline: To instructors, Honour, Obedience and discipline, Courage, Good temper and cheeriness, Books to read, Practice in self-discipline, Games 22 Self-improvement:To instructors, Duty to God, Thrift, How to make money, How to get on, Practices in self-improvement, Information on professions, etc, Books to read, (in part V:) Sobriety, Practise observation, Fortitude, Notes to instructors, Part V. Saving life and patriotism[edit] The fifth part covers pages 271 to 334. It contains chapter VIII Saving life, or how to deal with accidents, and chapter IX Patriotism, or our duties as citizens. 23 Be prepared for accidents: Hints to instructors, The knights of St. John, Life-saving medals, Practice for life saving 24 Accidents and how to deal with them: Panics, Rescue from fire, Directions, Rescue from drowning, Rescue from runaway horses, Miscellaneous accidents, Mad dog, Practices in life-saving, Books to read 25 Helping others: Rendering first aid, Snake bite, Grit in the eye, Suicides, How to carry a patient, How to practice, Games, Books to read 26 Our empire: Hints to instructors, Our empire, How our empire grew, how the empire must be held, Hints to instructors, Books to read, Display 27 Citizenship: Scout's duty as a citizen, Duties as citizen-soldier, Marksmanship, Helping police, Hints to instructors, Games, Books to read 28 United we stand, divided we fall: Hints to instructors, Our Navy and Army, Our flag, Our government, Our King, Books to read Part VI. Notes for instructors, Scouting games, practices, and displays[edit] The sixth part covers pages 335 to 398. It contains Notes to instructors and Scouting games, practices, and displays.   Play the game: don't look on, The British Empire wants your help, Fall of the Roman Empire was due to bad citizenship, Bad citizenship is becoming apparent in this country to-day, Football, Our future citizens, Peace-Scouting, Militarism, How to teach Scouting, Authorities who might find the scheme useful, Hints to instructors, Be Prepared, Clubroom, The handbook, Course of instruction, Method of instruction, Imagination, Responsibility to juniors, Discipline, Religion, Continence, Hints to instructors, Forming character, Conclusion, Books on the subject   Notes to instructors, Scoutcraft, Tracking, Woodcraft, Camp life, Books to read, Campaigning and pathfinding, Endurance and health, Chivalry, Saving life and first aid, Patriotism, Play the game!, The storming of Delhi, The Maple Leaf Forever, The song of Australia, God bless the Prince of Wales, God save the King, Sample programme of athletics sports, Non-Scouting games, Basket ball, Books to read   Suggestions for a display   True scouting stories   Corrections Copyright status[edit] The Scout Association owned the legal copyright to Scouting for Boys in the UK, until 31 December 2011, when the copyright expired at the end of the 70th year after the death of its author on 8 January 1941. The book is now in the public domain.[17] Until then it could only be reproduced after permission was granted from the Scout Association headquarters, other than for copyright exceptions in specific countries, such as fair use. The Boy Scouts of America were granted a special copyright licence by Baden-Powell himself for their Boy Scout Handbook, written during the BSA's formal founding in 1910.****** Shomer Shabbat Boy Scouting: Why Orthodox Kids Become Boy Scouts BAYLA SHEVA BRENNER Photo taken at a dinner held in honor of Troop 613 and the scouts’ newly earned ranks, in Keneseth Beth Israel, Richmond, Virginia. Courtesy of Heni Stein Photo taken at a dinner held in honor of Troop 613 and the scouts’ newly earned ranks, in Keneseth Beth Israel, Richmond, Virginia. Courtesy of Heni Stein Think it’s too late for your tech-napped child? Take heart. Hope comes in unexpected forms–sometimes in a khaki uniform. Orthodox kids across the country are putting aside their Wiis and iPhones to pitch tents, stoke campfires and learn first-aid, CPR and lifelong leadership skills. They’re shomer Shabbat Boy Scouts, and proud of it. “Parents may not feel comfortable teaching their kids to fish, hike and camp out,” says Alex Hochberger, cubmaster of Pack 18 in Hollywood, Florida. Hochberger treasures the wilderness skills he learned as a child and enjoys teaching them to his twenty-seven cubs. (Kids are Cub Scouts until age ten and Boy Scouts from age eleven to eighteen, whereupon they can become Venture Scouts until age twenty-one.) “It’s one of the most meaningful experiences of my life,” he says. “I see kids who were scared to try something new working with tools for the first time; these are kids who have never seen a screwdriver.” Boy Scouts of America encourages participation in projects that contribute to the community, such as helping clean up debris from a natural disaster or collecting surplus food to give to the needy. Kids earn merit badges for accomplishments in sports, the arts, science, business, technology and more. “My scoutmaster helped mold me into the person that I am today,” wrote an Eagle Scout in his application for admission to Yeshiva University. “He taught me the skills of delegating, listening, problem solving and taking control . . . I was often put in charge of my fellow scouts as troop guide and senior patrol leader. He encouraged me to teach my fellow scouts the basic skills of scouting. There is no better way to know a topic than to teach it to others.” Howard Spielman, scoutmaster of Troop 54 in Boston, notes the difference between the sense of accomplishment a boy feels in scouting versus playing sports. “In sports, on any given day, it is possible that half the participants go home feeling like losers,” he says. “The scouts are not competing against anyone. When you can chop wood safely, you won. When you can sharpen an axe, you won; when you can cook a meal, you won.” Sheldon Freidenreich from Highland Park, New Jersey, scoutmaster of Troop 55 for thirty-eight years, illustrates how the scouts develop as mature young men. One boy, who joined the troop at age eleven, struggled with severe Asperger’s syndrome. Although he had poor social skills, he had an uncanny ability to recall every scout skill. He would approach the other scouts, proudly explaining every detail of first-aid procedures he had learned; they responded by feigning disbelief, causing him to feel flustered and hurt. “With time, the boys learned to be more sensitive,” Freidenreich says. “They learned to work together with [and appreciate] him.” Scouts on a ten-day backpacking trip at the Philmont Scout Ranch in Cimarron, New Mexico. Courtesy of Daniel Chazin Scouts on a ten-day backpacking trip at the Philmont Scout Ranch in Cimarron, New Mexico. Courtesy of Daniel Chazin Preparing Cholent in the Wilderness The backpacks of shomer Shabbat scouts often include milichig and fleishig pots and utensils, a pair of tefillin and even an occasional sefer Torah for overnight camping trips. “This shows the kids that there there’s no place where you can’t be frum,” says one father of a Boy Scout from the New York area. “There’s an important lesson here–the mitzvot we do [require consistency], and no matter where we are, we take our mitzvot with us. So if you have to take extra water with you on a hike because you have to wash netilat yadayim, that’s what you do.” Sam Chasan of Bergenfield, New Jersey, a former Boy Scout senior patrol leader and assistant scoutmaster, concurs. “Every morning you’re davening with a minyan as the sun is rising against a beautiful setting,” says Chasan, who was himself a Boy Scout back in the 1980s. “It’s not only an outdoor experience; it’s a meaningful Jewish experience.” Once a scout, always a scout; scout leaders still call on Chasan to cook for Boy Scout events. Camping over Shabbat requires familiarity in both halachah and outdoor culinary techniques. Frum scouts learn how to construct a kosher eruv, determine the campsite techum (distance one can travel on Shabbat) and prepare cholent for the troop that will remain hot for the day seudah. “We start a campfire before Shabbat, and once it begins to burn down, we bury a cast-iron Dutch oven filled with the cholent materials in the hot coals; the coals stay warm for at least thirty hours,” explains Saul Zebovitz, an Eagle Scout and former assistant scoutmaster of Troop 185 in Elkins Park, Philadelphia, the troop in which he participated as a boy. “Come Shabbat day, it’s fully cooked and we have a delicious cholent. We also make fantastic apple crisp that way.” Yehuda Katz, an Eagle Scout who has held a number of leadership roles in the Boy Scouts, including assistant scoutmaster of Troop 613 in Silver Spring, Maryland and Troop 54 in Har Nof, Yerushalayim, says that there are many halachot that he never would have learned if not for the program. “As a youth leader in the troop, I called in the head of our local eruv to talk to us about the details involved in building an eruv,” he says. “You have to know what is not allowed to be inside an eruv, like a swamp or any body of water that is not drinkable.” Frum scouts learn how to construct a kosher eruv, determine the campsite techum (distance one can travel on Shabbat) and prepare cholent for the troop that will remain hot for the day seudah. Why would an Orthodox kid want to become a Boy Scout? “The boys get leadership experience that they are not going to get elsewhere,” says Daniel Chazin, a retired lawyer who is the scoutmaster of Troop 226 in Teaneck, New Jersey. “They plan and run the meetings and activities; they come up with and follow through on their own ideas.” Priming the next generation of leaders, Chazin, who has published several books on hiking and has been involved in scouting since 1977, currently directs scouts whose fathers were in his troop. “It’s wonderful to know I had an impact on their lives.” Along with learning essential life skills, including emergency preparedness and how to survive in the great outdoors, scouting emphasizes spirituality. In fact, one of the Scout Laws obligates scouts “to be reverent” (without specifying any particular faith). “Belief in God and religion is an integral part of scouting,” says the father of a shomer Shabbat Boy Scout. “It’s respected, expected and accommodated. Religion permeates the entire scouting experience.” Pack 18 learning leather working at a campout. Courtesy of Alex Hochberger Pack 18 learning leather working at a campout. Courtesy of Alex Hochberger Middot are stressed as well. “Boy Scouts hold dear many ‘old-fashioned’ values that are not so cool in the world today, among them honesty, integrity and respect–middot that we [as frum Jews] value,” says Naomi Stillman, DDS, from Brookline, Massachusetts, the parent of an Eagle Scout. “The program also inculcates the idea of cheerfulness and helping others. My son Avinoam [now twenty-one], who started scouting at ten years old, became very self-reliant; at the same time, he’s alert [to the needs of others] and always available to help.” Her son comes from a long-standing Boy Scout tradition. His father and paternal grandfather both participated in a shomer Shabbat troop in Borough Park, Brooklyn. “I love camping with them; I adore the simplicity of it,” Stillman says. “There are no phone calls, e-mails, racing around; no modern frenetic daily life. The Scouts manage the cooking; I don’t have to lift a finger. It’s a great getaway.” Every four years, troops from across the country, approximately 40,000 scouts, gather at The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve in West Virginia, which is 10,600 acres of forest, surrounded by over 70,000 acres of National Park Service land, for a jamboree–a ten-day celebration of scouting that includes white-water canoeing, rock climbing, mountain biking, zip lining and more. Among the participants is a strong contingent of shomer Shabbat troops. Birth of a Jewish Boy Scout Troop According to the National Jewish Committee on Scouting (NJCOS), the first exclusively Jewish Boy Scout troop was formed in 1913, at the 92nd Street Y in Manhattan; by 1957, 1,367 troops were chartered to Jewish religious institutions throughout the United States, with an estimated 100,000 Jewish scouts registered in both Jewish and non-Jewish sponsored scout troops. Based on conversations with national leaders of the Boy Scouts of America and local Jewish scout leaders across the nation, Spielman reports that there are approximately sixty Jewish Cub Scout packs and seventy Jewish Boy Scout troops. Of the 130 combined Jewish packs and troops, approximately 40 percent are shomer Shabbat, totaling 840 boys. Spielman, who has a PhD in administration and computer graphics, began his sixty-year-long involvement in shomer Shabbat scouting in the early 1950s as an eight-year-old Cub Scout. His father launched Pack 100 in 1954, chartered to the Orthodox synagogue Congregation Shaaray Tefila, then in Far Rockaway, New York (now in Lawrence). That pack grew quickly to seventy boys, and was one of the most active shomer Shabbat packs, according to Spielman. Spielman remembers having adult leaders who had been scouts in shomer Shabbat troops in the 1920s. The number of shomer Shabbat Boy Scouts hit a peak after World War II, with a significant number of Orthodox synagogues in the New York area chartering troops. “There may very well have been about 4,000 shomer Shabbat Boy Scouts in New York City in 1960,” says Spielman. “The world was different then. You didn’t have as much competition from computer games.” Girls in Girl Scout Troop 613 getting ready to go horseback riding at Foxmeade Farms in Midlothian, Virginia. Courtesy of Heni Stein Girls in Girl Scout Troop 613 getting ready to go horseback riding at Foxmeade Farms in Midlothian, Virginia. Courtesy of Heni Stein Making an Impression Shomer Shabbat Boy Scouts also get a summer camp experience at the Forestburg Scout Reservation near Monticello, New York. “We created an infrastructure for our troops,” says Spielman, referring to a shul, a separate (kosher) half of the dining hall, as well as their own freezer, oven and preparation area. Scoutmaster and Eagle Scout Yehuda Katz recalls the summer Rabbi Yisroel Belsky, one of the senior halachic consultants for OU Kosher, came to the camp to teach the boys about the wonders of astronomy. Scouting events and campouts afford the shomer Shabbat scouts many opportunities to make a kiddush Hashem. “If we share camping areas with non-Jewish troops, they watch us daven and see how involved we are in it,” Katz says. “They notice that there are kids who are leading the service; that really impresses them. They’ve told us that outright.” Wanting to get in on all the fun, the younger sister of a scout in Troop 613 in Richmond, Virginia, approached Russ Stein, scoutmaster of the troop, wanting to become a scout. Stein’s wife, Heni, who didn’t see herself as an outdoorsy type, reluctantly agreed to lead an Orthodox all-girls troop. She loves it. Her troop, numbering eighteen girls, focuses on chesed. They’ve written letters to the marines in Afghanistan, worked with homeless veterans and planted a vegetable garden for a local nursing home. “Because we have no kids [of our own], this is our way of giving to the next generation,” Russ Stein says. “The girls love Heni; on Shabbat at our shul, they flock to her.” The diverse observance levels within the shomer Shabbat troops also present outreach opportunities. Spielman relates that a number of years back, he was asked to speak at the Jewish Federation’s General Assembly. Addressing Jewish educators from around the country, he led a session focusing on possible strategies to keep teenagers involved in Jewish activities. “At that time, my troop was chartered through a Jewish community center, so I had a heterogeneous population,” Spielman says. (His troop is currently chartered through the Maimonides School in Boston.) He brought along a boy from a Reform background and one from a Conservative background. He explained what the scouts do, and showed photos of them canoeing and horseback riding in the Rocky Mountains. He then let the boys speak to the group, having little idea what they would say. Shul tent in the Forestburg Scout Reservation near Monticello, where shomer Shabbat Boy Scouts get a summer camp experience. Courtesy of Howard Spielman Shul tent in the Forestburg Scout Reservation near Monticello, where shomer Shabbat Boy Scouts get a summer camp experience. Courtesy of Howard Spielman “They both told the group that they learned more about Judaism in the Boy Scouts than in all of their years in Hebrew school,” Spielman says. Some unaffiliated boys even went on to get semichah. “One mother told me her son would not be shomer Shabbat today if it weren’t for the Boy Scouts.” For all its character building and fun, shomer Shabbat scouting could very well be one of the Jewish world’s best-kept secrets. Steve Kahn, scoutmaster of Troop 613 in West Hempstead, New York, says that since the older boys leave the troop at eighteen, he’s always looking to bring in new youngsters. “It’s a challenge getting the word out,” he says. “The population ebbs and flows as new troops are formed and older ones expire,” reports Spielman. Nonetheless, he’s optimistic. “The number of shomer Shabbat troops could easily grow. All it takes to start one is five boys, three adults and a charter organization. The adults require no special skills; the Boy Scouts of America will give them all the training they need, as well as experienced scouting volunteers to help them get their program up and running.” Spielman’s enthusiasm for the Boy Scouts extends to his entire family. Once when his mother, who was in her nineties, became ill and was wheeled out of her home on a stretcher, he leaned over and asked her how she was feeling. She answered: “Get me more of those brochures about Boy Scouts. One of the Hatzalah guys [here] has a kid who’s the right age.”[12] ebay2617 folder77

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