Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation in Engineering Materials Science: From Fundam

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Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation in Engineering Materials Science

by Peter Staron, Andreas Schreyer, Helmut Clemens, Svea Mayer

Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference is thoroughly revised and updated, with about 20% new material, to specifically address the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods.

FORMAT Hardcover LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New

Publisher Description

Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference specifically addresses the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods.

As such, it provides a systematic overview of the increasingly important field of characterization of engineering materials with the help of neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The first part introduces readers to the fundamentals of structure-property relationships in materials and the radiation sources suitable for materials characterization.

The second part then focuses on such characterization techniques as diffraction and scattering methods, as well as direct imaging and tomography. The third part presents new and emerging methods of materials characterization in the field of 3D characterization techniques like three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. The fourth and final part is a collection of examples that demonstrate the application of the methods introduced in the first parts to problems in materials science.

With thoroughly revised and updated chapters and now containing about 20%
new material, this is the must-have, in-depth resource on this highly relevant topic.

Back Cover

Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference specifically addresses the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods. As such, it provides a systematic overview of the increasingly important field of characterization of engineering materials with the help of neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The first part introduces readers to the fundamentals of structure-property relationships in materials and the radiation sources suitable for materials characterization. The second part then focuses on such characterization techniques as diffraction and scattering methods, as well as direct imaging and tomography. The third part presents new and emerging methods of materials characterization in the field of 3D characterization techniques like three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. The fourth and final part is a collection of examples that demonstrate the application of the methods introduced in the first parts to problems in materials science. With thoroughly revised and updated chapters and now containing about 20% new material, this is the must-have, in-depth resource on this highly relevant topic.

Flap

Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference specifically addresses the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods. As such, it provides a systematic overview of the increasingly important field of characterization of engineering materials with the help of neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The first part introduces readers to the fundamentals of structure-property relationships in materials and the radiation sources suitable for materials characterization. The second part then focuses on such characterization techniques as diffraction and scattering methods, as well as direct imaging and tomography. The third part presents new and emerging methods of materials characterization in the field of 3D characterization techniques like three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. The fourth and final part is a collection of examples that demonstrate the application of the methods introduced in the first parts to problems in materials science. With thoroughly revised and updated chapters and now containing about 20% new material, this is the must-have, in-depth resource on this highly relevant topic.

Author Biography

Born in 1962, Peter Staron studied Physics at the University of Hamburg and gained his doctorate from the University of Hamburg in 1997. Starting with the PhD thesis, he worked at the Institute of Materials Research of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht and dedicated his work to the use of neutron scattering techniques in materials science with a focus on residual stresses, precipitation kinetics and programming. In 2008 he included high-energy X-rays in his work and started giving a lecture on scattering methods in engineering materials research at the Montanuniversität Leoben.

Born in 1963, Andreas Schreyer studied physics and geophysics at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, gaining his doctorate in 1994 and his lecturing qualification in 2000. In 2001 he became Professor at the University of Hamburg and the head of the Department Materials Characterization with Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht. From 2006 to 2016 he was head of the Institute of Materials Research at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht responsible for Materials Physics. Between 2008 and 2015 Professor Schreyer has been the spokesperson of the Helmholtz Program "From Matter to Materials and Life" of the Helmholtz Association coordinating all activities in the field of large-scale facilities for synchrotron radiation, neutrons, ions, and highest electromagnetic fields.
In 2016 he moved to the European Spallation Source in Lund, Sweden, where he is the Director for Science.

Born in 1957, Helmut Clemens studied materials science at the Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria, gaining his doctorate in 1987. He joined Plansee AG, Austria, as head of the Advanced Materials R&D group in 1990, gaining his lecturing qualification in 1997. From 1998 to 2000 he was Professor for Metallic Materials at the Institute for Physical Metallurgy, University of Stuttgart, before moving to the Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Geesthacht, in a joint appointment as Professor at the University of Kiel. Since July 2003 he is head of the Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing at the Montanuniversität Leoben. Professor Clemens has won several awards, including the prestigious Honda Prize.

Born in 1981, Svea Mayer studied materials science at the Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria, and received her PhD in 2009. Since then, she is leading the working group on phase transformations and high-temperature materials at the Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben. In 2011 she was accepted as assistant professor and started lecturing. Her prime research topic is the use of neutrons and synchrotron radiation for the development of novel high-temperature materials.
She is member of review panels and for her academic achievements she was awarded with the Georg-Sachs-Prize of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V.

Table of Contents

List of Contributor XVII Preface to Second Edition XXIII Part I General 1 1 Microstructure and Properties of Engineering Materials 3
Helmut Clemens, Svea Mayer, and Christina Scheu 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Microstructure 4 1.3 Microstructure and Properties 10 1.4 Microstructural Characterization 12 2 Internal Stresses in Engineering Materials 21
Anke Kaysser-Pyzalla 2.1 Definition 21 2.2 Origin of Residual Macro- and Microstresses 25 2.3 Relevance 45 3 Textures in Engineering Materials 55
Heinz G. Brokmeier and Sangbong Yi 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Measurement of Preferred Orientations 58 3.3 Presentation of Preferred Orientations 59 3.4 Interpretation of Textures 62 3.5 Errors 67 4 Physical Properties of Photons and Neutrons 73
Andreas Schreyer 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Interaction of X-ray Photons and Neutrons with Individual Atoms 74 4.3 Scattering of X-ray Photons and Neutrons from Ensembles of Atoms 79 5 Radiation Sources 83 5.1 Generation and Properties of Neutrons 83
Ina Lommatzsch,Wolfgang Knop, Philipp K. Pranzas, and Peter Schreiner 5.2 Production and Properties of Synchrotron Radiation 90
Rolf Treusch Part II Methods 105 6 Stress Analysis by Angle-Dispersive Neutron Diffraction 107
Peter Staron 6.1 Introduction 107 6.2 Diffractometer for Residual Stress Analysis 108 6.3 Measurement and Data Analysis 112 6.4 Examples 116 6.5 Summary and Outlook 120 7 Stress Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Neutron Diffraction 123
Javier Santisteban 7.1 Introduction 123 7.2 Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction 123 7.3 TOF Strain Scanners 126 7.4 A Virtual Laboratory for Strain Scanning 131 7.5 Type II Stresses: Evolution of Intergranular Stresses 134 7.6 Type III Stresses: Dislocation Densities 135 7.7 Strain Imaging by Energy-Dispersive Neutron Transmission 138 7.8 Conclusions 140 8 Residual Stress Analysis by Monochromatic High-Energy X-rays 145
René V. Martins 8.1 Basic Setups 145 8.2 Principle of Slit Imaging and Data Reconstruction 148 8.3 The Conical Slit 149 8.4 The Spiral Slit 152 8.5 Simultaneous Strain Measurements in Individual Bulk Grains 155 8.6 Coarse Grain Effects 156 8.7 Analysis of Diffraction Data from Area Detectors 157 8.8 Matrix for Comparison and Decision Taking Which Technique to Use for a Specific Problem 158 9 Residual Stress Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction 161
Christoph Genzel and Manuela Klaus 9.1 Introduction 161 9.2 Fundamentals of Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction Stress Analysis 162 9.3 Experimental Setup 167 9.4 Examples for Energy-Dispersive Stress Analysis 168 9.5 Final Remarks 173 10 Texture Analyses by Synchrotron X-rays and Neutrons 179
Sangbong Yi, Weimin Gan, and Heinz G. Brokmeier 10.1 Texture Measurements on Laboratory Scale 179 10.2 Texture Measurements at Large Scale Facilities 182 10.3 Conclusion 193 11 Basics of Small-Angle Scattering Methods 197
Philipp K. Pranzas 11.1 Introduction 197 11.2 Common Features of a SAS Instrument 197 11.3 Contrast 198 11.4 Scattering Curve 198 11.5 Power Law/Scattering by Fractal Systems 200 11.6 Guinier and Porod Approximations 201 11.7 Macroscopic Differential Scattering Cross-section 202 11.8 Model Calculation of Size Distributions 202 11.9 Magnetic Structures 203 12 Small-Angle Neutron Scattering 207
Philipp K. Pranzas and André Heinemann 12.1 Introduction 207 12.2 Nanocrystalline Magnesium Hydride for the Reversible Storage of Hydrogen 208 12.3 Precipitates in Steel 210 12.4 SiO2 Nanoparticles in a Polymer Matrix – An Industrial Application 213 12.5 Green Surfactants 213 13 Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering 217
Ulla Vainio 13.1 Introduction 217 13.2 Theory 218 13.3 Experiments 223 13.4 Example: ASAXS on Catalyst Nanoparticles 223 13.5 Summary and Outlook 223 14 Imaging 227
Wolfgang Treimer 14.1 Radiography 227 14.2 Tomography 240 14.3 New Developments in Neutron Tomography 244 15 Neutron and Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Imaging for Applications in Materials Science – From Macro- to Nanotomography 253
Felix Beckmann 15.1 Introduction 253 15.2 Parallel-Beam Tomography 256 15.3 Macrotomography Using Neutrons 258 15.4 Microtomography Using Synchrotron Radiation 264 15.5 Summary and Outlook 271 16 Mu-Tomography of Engineering Materials 275
Astrid Haibel and Julia Herzen 16.1 Introduction 275 16.2 Advantage of Synchrotron Tomography 275 16.3 Applications and 3D Image Analysis 276 16.4 Image Artifacts 282 16.5 Summary 286 Part III New and Emerging Methods 291 17 3D X-ray Diffraction Microscope 293
Henning F. Poulsen,Wolfgang Ludwig, and Søren Schmidt 17.1 Basic Setup and Strategy 294 17.2 Indexing and Characterization of Average Properties of Each Grain 296 17.3 Mapping of Grains and Orientations 300 17.4 Combining 3DXRD and Tomography 304 17.5 Outlook 305 18 3D Micron-Resolution Laue Diffraction 309
Gene E. Ice 18.1 Introduction 309 18.2 The Need for Polychromatic Microdiffraction 309 18.3 Theoretical Basis for Advanced Polychromatic Microdiffraction 311 18.4 Technical Developments for an Automated 3D Probe 313 18.5 Research Examples 318 18.6 Future Prospects and Opportunities 324 Part IV Applications 327 19 The Use of Neutron and Synchrotron Research for Aerospace and Automotive Materials and Components 329
Wolfgang Kaysser, Jörg Eßlinger, Volker Abetz, Norbert Huber, Karl U. Kainer, Thomas Klassen, Florian Pyczak, Andreas Schreyer, and Peter Staron 19.1 Introduction 329 19.2 Commercial Passenger Aircraft 331 19.3 The Light-Duty Automotive Vehicle 341 19.4 Other Transport Systems 352 20 In situ Experiments with Synchrotron High-Energy X-rays and Neutrons 365
Peter Staron, Torben Fischer, Thomas Lippmann, Andreas Stark, Shahrokh Daneshpour, Dirk Schnubel, Eckart Uhlmann, Robert Gerstenberger, Bettina Camin, Walter Reimers, Elisabeth Eidenberger-Schober, Helmut Clemens, Norbert Huber, and Andreas Schreyer 20.1 Introduction 365 20.2 In situ Dilatometry 366 20.3 In situ Study on Single Overload of Fatigue-Cracked Specimens 368 20.4 In situ Cutting Experiment 370 20.5 In situ Study of Precipitation Kinetics Using Neutrons 372 20.6 Conclusions 373 21 Application of Photons and Neutrons for the Characterization and Development of Advanced Steels 377
Elisabeth Eidenberger-Schober, Ronald Schnitzer, Gerald A. Zickler, Michael Eidenberger-Schober,Michael Bischof, Peter Staron, Harald Leitner, Andreas Schreyer, and Helmut Clemens 21.1 Introduction 377 21.2 Characterization Using Synchrotron Radiation 378 21.3 Characterization Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) 382 21.4 Conclusions 388 22 The Contribution of High-Energy X-rays and Neutrons to Characterization and Development of Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides 395
Thomas Schmoelzer, Klaus-Dieter Liss, Peter Staron, Andreas Stark, Emanuel Schwaighofer, Thomas Lippmann, Helmut Clemens, and Svea Mayer 22.1 Introduction 395 22.2 High-Energy X-rays and Neutrons 396 22.3 In situ Investigation of Phase Evolution 398 22.4 Atomic Order and Disorder in TiAl Alloys 409 22.5 Recovery and Recrystallization during Deformation of TiAl 412 22.6 Lattice Parameter and Thermal Expansion 418 22.7 Conclusions 419 23 In situ Mu-Laue: Instrumental Setup for the Deformation of Micron Sized Samples 425
Christoph Kirchlechner, Jozef Keckes, Jean S.Micha, and Gerhard Dehm 23.1 Introduction 425 23.2 Experimental Instrumentation 427 23.3 Discussion 433 23.4 Conclusion 436 24 Residual Stresses in Thin Films and Coated Tools: Challenges and Strategies for Their Nondestructive Analysis by X-ray Diffraction Methods 439
Manuela Klaus and Christoph Genzel 24.1 Introduction 439 24.2 Compilation of Approaches to Meet the Challenges in Thin Film X-ray Stress Analysis (XSA) 441 24.3 Final Remarks and Recommendations 447 Index 451

Long Description

Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference specifically addresses the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods. As such, it provides a systematic overview of the increasingly important field of characterization of engineering materials with the help of neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The first part introduces readers to the fundamentals of structure-property relationships in materials and the radiation sources suitable for materials characterization. The second part then focuses on such characterization techniques as diffraction and scattering methods, as well as direct imaging and tomography. The third part presents new and emerging methods of materials characterization in the field of 3D characterization techniques like three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. The fourth and final part is a collection of examples that demonstrate the application of the methods introduced in the first parts to problems in materials science. With thoroughly revised and updated chapters and now containing about 20% new material, this is the must-have, in-depth resource on this highly relevant topic.

Details ISBN3527335927 ISBN-10 3527335927 ISBN-13 9783527335923 Format Hardcover Pages 488 Year 2017 Publication Date 2017-03-22 Short Title Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation in Engineering Materials Science Language English Edition 2nd Subtitle From Fundamentals to Applications UK Release Date 2017-03-22 Country of Publication Germany Author Svea Mayer Publisher Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Edition Description 2nd edition Imprint Blackwell Verlag GmbH Place of Publication Berlin Replaces 9783527315338 Edited by Svea Mayer DEWEY 620.1127 Audience Professional & Vocational

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  • Condition: Brand new
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-13: 9783527335923
  • Author: Peter Staron, Andreas Schreyer, Helmut Clemens, Svea Mayer
  • Book Title: Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation in Engineering Materials Scien

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