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Medal Belgium Simon Stevin Dutch Mathematician Finder Scientific

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Seller: artistic.medal ✉️ (4,945) 100%, Location: Strasbourg, FR, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 176331030808 Medal Belgium Simon Stevin Dutch Mathematician Finder Scientific. 238- tir95 Single-sided bronze or copper medal, Belgium. 20th century re-strike around 1950, based on the model of a 17th century medal (Overse). Small, minimal patina defects. Engraver / Artist / Sculptor : To be determined . Dimensions : 68mm. Weight : 117 g. Metal : bronze or copper. Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge)  : J Fonson "568". Quick and neat delivery. The stand is not for sale. The support is not for sale. Simon Stevin (in Dutch: [ˈsimɔn ˈsteːvɪn]), born probably in 15481 in Bruges, and died in 1620 in Leiden, is an accountant, then mathematician, mechanic, inventor and engineer, and finally both military engineer and manager of finance, technical advisor and founder of an engineering school. Born in Flanders (Habsburg Netherlands), this learned defender of Dutch is one of the famous Flemish emigrants from Holland. The man and his motto This trained accountant, defender of a decimal notation system for numbers, is known for his text “De Thiende”, published in 1585 and translated by him the same year into French under the title “La Disme”. “Wonder en is gheen wonder”, that is to say in French “marvel is not miracle”, is the Flemish motto given by Simon Stevin, an enthusiastic rationalist, on the flyleaf of his work De beghinselen der weeghconst (The elements of art of weighing), published in 15862. The scholar Stevin is also convinced that an age of reason once existed, like his young contemporary Hugo Grotius. As a young traveler, he heard and often partially understood the various Low German dialects of the Baltic and the North Sea coasts. His encounters with a large number of Flemish or Dutch-speaking groups, in reality distant emigrants who came to develop the marshy coasts from the 12th century, reinforced his conviction. Patriot of the Republic of the United Provinces, the emigrant strives to bring together the old Flemish koinés scattered into a language in its own right and strives in particular to find a Dutch equivalent for all the Latin or French scientific and technical terms: thus the Dutch word for mathematics does not have a Greek root but a Germanic one: wiskunde. Stevin saw the advantage of Dutch in the number of monosyllabic words and the ability to compose radicals3. Although he distinguished himself for the defense of the Flemish or Dutch language, he is mainly known for his pioneering work in mechanics, optics and fluid statics. We can note the constant desire in Simon Stevin's works for didactic and great clarity. The young merchant became a technician and inventor in the 1580s. Around 1600, he helped improve the sand yacht, a remarkable mobile machine, a medieval invention but then the fastest vehicle along beaches hardened by wet sand. The study of the fall of bodies from the top of the church in Delft and the movement of objects on inclined planes before 1586, then the defense of the astronomical conceptions of Copernicus made him a precursor of the work of Galileo. He was among the first discoverers of air gravity, as well as other fluid media. Biographical elements He is the son of Anthonis Stevin and Cathelyne van der Poort4. His mother's family, very religious, is attached to the Calvinist faith. He was first a clerk and then an apprentice accountant and clerk to a merchant in Antwerp from 1564 to the 1570s. But, with the aim of writing a "pilotage treatise", he decided to sail on the Baltic Sea, visiting various countries and working accompanying Dutch-speaking merchants in the surrounding countries, such as the coasts of Poland and Lithuania, Northern Germany and Sweden. He ends his journey in Norway, taking the sea route of the “Northern Way” in the North Sea, well beyond Trondheim. Back home, Stevin, an accountant and experienced pilot, was employed in the finances of the port of his native Bruges in 1577. At the same time, he was enrolled in the rhetoric chamber of Bruges De Heilige Gheest (the Holy Spirit), where he developed some ideas on the place of the Flemish or Dutch language. It seems that his entire persecuted family emigrated to Holland the following year: the emigrant traveled again to Prussia, Poland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, countries that he describes in some of his works. Returning to the Netherlands in 1581, at the age of 33, the accountant published in Antwerp in Flemish Tafelen van Interest a book on the calculation of bank interest, quickly appreciated by Dutch merchants and traders. Simon Stevin enrolled in the mathematics section at the University of Leiden in 1583. The following year he published Problematum geometricorum, or On the Problems of Geometry. The beginner geometer breaks down the polyhedra into as many plane shapes, which, spread out in two dimensions, constitute the pattern. It was undoubtedly in Leiden that Stevin discovered the work of Archimedes in Maurolico's translation entitled the Monumenta (Palermo). The engineer Stevin then did his first research on the machines he saw operating in the different arsenals of the North Sea and the Baltic. The end of the 1580s saw the publication, by the Antwerp printer Christophe Plantin, of his main or of locks, which was of the greatest importance for the Netherlands and had numerous patents for the improvement and construction of new mills. Science Mathematical works, 1634 The "Treatise on Statics", written in Flemish and published in quarto format in 1586 in Leiden, follows the "Geometric Problems", published in quarto format, in Leiden in 1585. His two contributions make his author a geometer and mathematician/physicist recognized in Holland. These complete works were also published in Leiden in 1605 in two folio volumes. It was only in 1634 that they were translated in the same format in Leiden, into Latin by Snellius and into French by Albert Girard. Mathematics “Wonder is not a mystery” (Een wonder en is gheen wonder): from the impossibility of perpetual motion, Stevin makes a principle for the determination of balances (frontispiece of “The Art of Weighing”). Double entry bookkeeping may have been known to Stevin either when he was a clerk in Antwerp or through the works of Italian authors such as Luca Pacioli and Girolamo Cardano. However, he was the first to recommend the use of impersonal accounts in national accounting. He practiced it for Prince Maurice and recommended it to Sully. His greatest success was a small treatise called De Thiende (The Dism), published like most of his writings in Dutch in 1585 and translated by him the same year into French in L'Arithmetique. Decimal fractions had been used to extract square roots some five centuries before his time, but no one before Stevin had shown the value of their everyday use. The appendix to this text includes paragraphs dedicated to surveyors, mint masters, traders, etc. Decimal notation for 19.178. Stevin was so aware of the importance of this contribution that he declared that universal use of the decimal system was inevitable. The notation he proposes is rather difficult to use: the decimal places are assigned their power of ten, marked by a small circle around the exponent. Stevin also notes in algebraic equations numbers raised to a power: circled numbers denote simple exponents. Stevin is aware of fractional exponents without using them, but never considers negative exponents. Stevin's decimal notation found an echo in learned Europe. The decimal point was introduced by Bartholomäus Pitiscus in his trigonometric tables (1612), and was taken up by John Napier in his two works on logarithm tables (1614 and 1619). His great mathematical work is L'Arithmetique published in French by Christophe Plantin in 1585 and which takes up, in the manner of Raphaël Bombelli whom he considers the "great arithmetician of our time6", knowledge of arithmetic and algebra. He thus describes the resolution of the equations of the first four degrees, translates the first four books of Diophante's Arithmetics, republishes by translating his Tables of Interest and La Disme, then this defender of irrational numbers comments on book X of Euclid's Elements on immeasurable numbers. We find in this second part the tradition of arithmetic and algebra of the same type as those of Michael Stifel. Stevin ultimately innovated little in geometry, but was the first to show how to construct a polyhedron by developing it on a plane. He takes up the work of Albrecht Dürer on perspective and develops the mathematical sciences (e.g. geography, cosmography) in the Dutch language. His mathematical works were published in three languages ​​simultaneously in Dutch (Wiscondighe Gedachtenissen), French (translation by Jean Tuning) and Latin (translation by Willebrord Snell) in 1605 and 1608. Albert Girard grouped them together in 1634 in the Mathematical Memoirs containing what the very excellent prince and lord Maurice, prince of Orange etc., practiced in, first written in Low German by Simon Stevin of Bruges, which will allow their diffusion in France ideas from Simon Stevin. Music Simon Stevin is the author of the division of the scale into twelve equal tempered semitones, as we know it today7. In 1529, Pietro Aaron, an Italian cleric and music theorist, was concerned about the inconsistency of the Pythagorean scale which, praising accuracy and mathematical rigor, led to dissonance and complexity. Dissonance, because by completing the cycle of fifths we end up with a B# which presents a comma difference with the C. This is the famous Pythagorean comma. Complexity, because in becoming chromatic, the scale divides each of the five tones into two non-identical semitones, such as C# and Db, also showing a difference. This canon of Rimini Cathedral then cheats slightly on the value of fifths to try to close the cycle with jPublications Stevin wrote on other scientific subjects; he published in particular:     Tafelen van Interest (Tables of Interest) in 1582;     Problematum geometricorum in 1583;     De Thiende (The tithe) in 1585;     Dialectike ofte bewysconst (The dialectic or art of demonstration) in 1585;     Arithmetic in 1585;     The Practice of Arithmetic in 1585;     De Beghinselen der Weeghconst (Static or the Art of Weighing) It seems that his entire persecuted family emigrated to Holland the following year: the emigrant traveled again to Prussia, Poland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, countries that he describes in some of his works. Returning to the Netherlands in 1581, at the age of 33, the accountant published in Antwerp in Flemish Tafelen van Interest a book on the calculation of bank interest, quickly appreciated by Dutch merchants and traders. Simon Stevin enrolled in the mathematics section at the University of Leiden in 1583. The following year he published Problematum geometricorum, or On the Problems of Geometry. The beginner geometer breaks down the polyhedra into as many plane shapes, which, spread out in two dimensions, constitute the pattern. Simon Stevin is the author of the division of the scale i
  • Composition: Bronze
  • Product Type: Medals french
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