Medal Wedding D’Or Of Pope Italy 1888 States Of L'Church Leon XIII Pope Papal

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Seller: artistic.medal ✉️ (4,942) 100%, Location: Strasbourg, FR, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 176306632353 Medal Wedding D’Or Of Pope Italy 1888 States Of L'Church Leon XIII Pope Papal. 219-tir44 Gilded bronze medal (guilded). Minted around 1888. Traces of handling and oxidation. Obverse : LEO XIII - BRIDGE. MAX. Bust to the left of Pope Leo XIII, in a grenetis Reverse : COMMEMORATIVE MEDAL OF - GOLDEN WEDDING OF SS LEON XIII / * 1838-1888 * Scene divided into two parts: on the left, the priest praying in front of the altar; on the right, the pope blessing the kneeling faithful; signed: G. BOBIN PARIS Engraver : G Bobin. Dimension : 47mm. Weight : 36 g. Metal : bronze. Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge)  : none . Quick and neat delivery. The support is not for sale. The stand is not for sale. Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, born Mars 2, 1810 in Carpineto Romano and died July 20, 1903 in Rome, is the 256th bishop of Rome and therefore pope of the Catholic Church, which he governed under the name of Leo XIII (name Latin: Leo XIII; Italian name: Leone XIII) from 1878 to 1903. He is buried in the Basilica of Saint John Lateran. Leo XIII is particularly known for his encyclical Rerum Novarum, published in 1891, the first encyclical entirely devoted to the social doctrine of the Catholic Church. Born in Carpineto Romano, near Rome, he was the son of Count Lodovico Pecci (colonel of the local militia) and Countess née Anna Prosperi-Buzi, who had six other children1, including the future Cardinal Giuseppe Pecci. The origins of his family date back with certainty to 1531 when Antoine Pecci (an eleventh generation agnatic ancestor of the sovereign pontiff) acquired a small land in the Lepine Mountains dependent on Carpineto. He established his roots there: his descendants remained in the region for more than four centuries. From the 18th century, there were several members in the Pecci family occupying ecclesiastical functions (a curial of the Rota, an apostolic protonotary, a commissioner of the Reverend Chamber)2. Training and career as a prelate In October 1818, Vincent Joachim Pecci became a student at the Jesuit college of Viterbo3, before entering the Collegium romanum4 of the Jesuits of Rome in 1824, with his brother who then became a Jesuit. He continued his studies at the Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles which prepared future diplomats of the Holy See. He received a doctorate in theology in 1836 and then a doctorate in law in utroque jure, in Rome. He was ordained a priest on December 31, 1837. His academic qualities made him noticed by Cardinal Lambruschini who presented him to Pope Gregory XVI. He was soon named “prelate of His Holiness”, Diplomatic functions Appointed papal legate in Benevento, a papal enclave in the kingdom of Naples, the energetic measures of the young 27-year-old prelate put an end to banditry. Designated papal legate in Spoleto, Pope Gregory XVI finally transferred him to the pontifical legation in Perugia5. There he organized the visit of Gregory XVI to this diocese of 20,000 inhabitants. He participated in the creation of a savings bank. In 1843, he was named titular archbishop (or in partibus) of Damietta and received episcopal ordination, conferred on him by Cardinal Lambruschini. He was then 32 years old. He was immediately sent as apostolic nuncio to Belgium on January 28, 1843; the young diplomat puts an end to an opposition between the universities of Namur, held by the Jesuits, and Louvain. He came into contact with the Belgian royal family and blessed Crown Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant, eldest son of King Leopold I and Queen Louise-Marie of Orléans, aged 8. He supported the opposition of Catholic deputies against the government of Jean-Baptiste Nothomb on the question of examination boards, opposition which forced the minister to resign in June 1845. King Leopold I, anxious not to offend the Catholic majority, supported this opposition and proposed the nuncio to the cardinalate in a letter to Pope Gregory XVI5. During this Belgian stay, Count Ferdinand de Meeûs, governor of the Société Générale de Belgique, explained to him the need for the Church to take an interest in the new industry and the working world. Had he not himself created the Société du Crédit de la Charité as a family? He then became archbishop of Perugia in 1846 (until 1877) and named by Gregory XVI cardinal in pectore, that is to say secret. On the death of Gregory XVI, the opening of the secret archives of the Vatican revealed his title of cardinal; Pius IX, who had responded to Leopold I's request by indicating that he would provide for it "in due time", awarded him the "hat" in 1853. On the other hand, he maintains his title of archbishop although Perugia is only a bishopric. Cardinal Pecci is 43 years old. Archbishop of Perugia Between 1859 and 1866, the Kingdom of Sardinia, with the help of Napoleon III's France and then Garibaldi's Red Shirts, drove the Austrians and their allies from the peninsula, annexed their states as well as the eastern half of the Papal States. King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia is proclaimed king of Italy and transfers his capital from Turin to Florence. Perugia passes from the suzerainty of the pope to that of the king of Italy. The independence of what remains of the Papal States as well as the city of Rome are protected by the French army. In 1870, the French defeat against Prussia and the fall of the Second Empire freed the King of Italy from the French presence and allowed him to invade and then annex the Papal States and establish his capital in Rome. The Papal States are wiped off the map. Pope Pius IX took refuge in his Vatican Palace where he considered himself a hostage or a captive. Became Italy and John Paul II. “Liberalism” of Leo XIII Leo XIII around 1887 The “progressive” spirit of Leo XIII has often been contrasted with the “conservatism” of his predecessor Pius IX and his successor Pius However, Leo XIII clearly condemns liberalism, freedom of worship, freedom of the press, freedom of education and freedom of conscience in his encyclical Libertas Præstantissimum, as well as religious indifferentism and secularism in Immortale Dei. Following his predecessor, if he develops a new form of intransigence10, fundamentally anti-modern11, to which he gives a more conquering form, which attacks the present12 in order to “retake the initiative”11 and propose “a movement Catholicism”13 it is above all prudence which characterizes his pontificate. The choice of Pius IX had been, in the Syllabus, to present the Catholic doctrine in short and pithy sentences which could have shocked non-Catholic readers in substance and a certain number of Catholics in form. Leo XIII, for his part, developed his sense of pedagogy in encyclicals, clarifying the position of his predecessors and opening the way for his successors, on traditional themes as well as new themes (Christian democracy in his encyclical Graves de communi D). Leo XIII knew how to renew the reception of encyclicals in a world crossed by the ideologies which would clash in the 20th century. He tirelessly continues his defense of the freedom of the Church in the face of the new problems of modernity: rupture between the proletariat and the wealthy classes, control of political power over education in different European countries, secularization of consciences, and the problem of the dissolution of congregations in France (encyclical Nobilissima Gallorum Gens) and in other countries. “Intellectual” Pope Leo XIII around 1878 It has been considered that the encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII - eighty-six in number - were scholarly and that few people read them to the end, but they had a notable influence on the participation of Catholics in the great intellectual and socio-political debates of their time (despite the political blockage in Italy since the Non expedit). He renewed the teaching of seminaries and pontifical universities, advanced biblical and patristic studies and opened the Vatican archives. This aspect of his pontificate remains too often overlooked but nonetheless remains fundamental, because in the encyclical Providentissimus Deus, published in 1893, he gave an impetus to biblical studies, asking Catholics to practice exegesis to refute the accusations of error in the Bible. This encyclical clearly reaffirms the principle of biblical inerrancy stated during the First Vatican Council, and challenges the notion of authorship for biblical writers: the Bible, having God as its direct author, cannot contain any error even concerning scientific facts or historical14. This position will be called into question during the Second Vatican Council with the constitution Dei Verbum 15. Christoph Theobald thinks that Cardinal Camillo Mazzella spoke of the texts of the Bible as “things and assertions that God wanted to have written16. », strongly influenced this encyclical, as did Cardinal Johann Baptist Franzelin. To the extent that this, Theobald considers, considers that God is the "literary author" of the Scriptures and that "their inspiration extends to all their parts", he concludes that this so-called "Roman" school, of which Mazzella or even Louis Billot, whose influence marks the text, “takes on a frankly fundamentalist appearance17. » It was these conceptions that, a few years later, Marie-Joseph Lagrange and especially Alfred Loisy, emblematic actors of the modernist crisis, came up against. Émile Poulat, however, notes He supported the opposition of Catholic deputies against the government of Jean-Baptiste Nothomb on the question of examination boards, opposition which forced the minister to resign in June 1845. King Leopold I, anxious not to offend the Catholic majority, supported this opposition and proposed the nuncio to the cardinalate in a letter to Pope Gregory XVI5. During this Belgian stay, Count Ferdinand de Meeûs, governor of the Société Générale de Belgique, explained to him the need for the Church to take an interest in the new industry and the working world. Had he not himself created the Société du Crédit de la Charité as a family? He then became archbishop of Perugia in 1846 (until 1877) and named by Gregory XVI cardinal in pectore, that is to say secret. On the death of Gregory XVI, the o
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