Germany 1900's - Bayern Postcard - Used - 2 Stamp Letter
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Germany 1900's - Bayern Postcard - Used - 2 Stamp Letter. GERMANY 1900's USED BAYERN POSTAL LETTER 2 STAMPS CARD 100% Original Vintage Postage YOU ARE BIDDING ON: Condition: Check the Picture, please Seller: StampLake.com Pro
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All items are absolutely guaranteed to be genuine and as described. Buy with confidence-we are professional, full-time dealers in business for many years online on StampLake.com website. We pack and ship your purchases with care and consideration in a timely manner. With us, you can expect First-Class service and helpful consultation at no extra charge POSTAGE PRODUCT INFORMATION COLLECTING POSTAGE CARDS OF GERMANY OVER THE YEARS IS NOT ONLY AN ACQUAINTANCE WITH HISTORY, BUT ALSO A PROFITABLE INVESTMENT The history of the postal and postage stamps of Germany covers the stages corresponding to the postal systems in the territory of modern Germany: before and after the first join, during the existence of two German states (FRG and GDR until 1990) and after the second merger. The main postal operators in the entire German postal history were: Imperial Post (1871-1945), Deutsche Post (German Post, under the control of the Allied Powers: 1945-1949), German post of the GDR (1949-1990), Deutsche Bundespost (German federal post; 1949-1995), along with Deutsche Bundespost Berlin[en] (German federal post office in Berlin; 1949-1990), Deutsche Post AG (since 1995). Postage stamps have been issued in Germany since 1849. Content 1 Early history 1.1 Butchers Post 1.2 Church and city messengers 1.3 Turn-and-Taxis 1.4 German principalities 2 Further postal development and stamp issues 2.1 German Empire 2.1.1 Imperial mail 2.1.2 German colonies 2.1.3 German post abroad 2.1.4 Occupation of territories in World War I 2.2 Weimar Republic 2.2.1 Reichspost 2.2.2 Plebiscite territories 2.2.3 Danzig 2.2.4 Memel 2.2.5 Saarland 2.3 Nazi Germany 2.3.1 Post of the Third Reich 2.3.2 Sudetenland/Bohemia and Moravia 2.3.3 Occupation of territories in World War II 2.4 Partitioned Germany 2.4.1 Local releases 2.4.2 Allied occupation 2.4.3 German Federal Post Office West Berlin 2.4.4 German Post Office of the GDR 2.4.5 Deutsche Bundespost 2.5 United Germany 3 Summary 4 Propaganda and fantasy editions 5 Development of philately 6 See also 7 Notes 8 Literature 9 Links Early history Butchers Post The butchers' mail[de] is considered the first international post of the Middle Ages[1]. So, in some cities of southern Germany, the butcher's guild (German: Metzger) was charged with the transportation of letters and parcels, in return for which he was exempted from communal duties. The so-called "butcher's post" thus formed in some places acquired the significance of a state institution (in Württemberg) [2]. The butchers' guild organized the courier delivery of correspondence on horseback: upon the arrival of the mail, the sound of a horn was heard, announcing this, thanks to which the generally accepted postal emblem arose. The butcher's post arose in the 12th century and operated until 1637[3], when the Thurn y Taxis family became the monopoly of mail delivery[1]. Church and city messengers In the Middle Ages, the Church most of all needed the exchange of information, both because its structure rested on the beginning of centralization, and because for a long time it was the only bearer of the mental life of peoples. The archives of church institutions and the regests of the Roman curia testify that even at the very beginning of the Middle Ages there was a lively exchange of messages between the head of the Catholic hierarchy and its members. In the lands of the German spiritual order, a special administration of messengers or couriers arose for this purpose, and stations were established for changing horses[2]. With the development of city liberties, one of the most important means of communication in the Middle Ages was the institution of city messengers, which existed almost everywhere since the 14th century, but was especially developed in large shopping centers in Germany. From the numerous regulations that have come down to us for city messengers (in Cologne, Mainz, Nordhausen - in the 14th century, in Strasbourg - in 1443, in Augsburg - in 1552, in Breslau - in 1573, etc.) it is clear that they were under the jurisdiction of the city council, to which under oath they were obliged to obey. They did not receive a salary either from the community, or from individual corporations or merchant guilds. Coming out of the city on certain days, they delivered on horseback or on foot at the appointed time the correspondence of the city government, as well as letters and parcels from the townspeople, from whom they charged a fee. The institute of urban messengers received a strong and widespread development thanks to the unions of cities on the Rhine and in Lower Germany. The messengers of the Rhenish city union maintained the correct messages from Cologne and Mainz via Frankfurt to Nuremberg. The messengers of the Hanseatic cities were famous for their accuracy in meeting deadlines, maintaining communications between Hamburg, Bremen, Amsterdam and Antwerp, as well as eastward through Stettin, Danzig and Königsberg up to Riga. In southern Germany, the first place was occupied by the messengers of Augsburg; in addition to lines to Nuremberg (thrice a week), Lindau and Regensburg, they maintained communications with Italy; they arrived in Venice via the Brenner in eight days[2]. Thurn and Taxis Franz von Taxis on a FRG stamp, 1967 (Sc #971) Main article: Thurn y Taxis Post By the end of the 15th century, the name of the post office in Germany began to mean suna set of institutions established by the State or under the control of the State for the transmission of both government and private correspondence and for the transport of passengers. The first experience of organizing mail in this sense of the word on a broad international basis was made by members of the Taxis family from Bergamo, who took upon themselves the support of communications between the Habsburg possessions [2]. In 1497, on behalf of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, Franz von Taxis established a post office that replaced the messengers who carried state correspondence[4]. The branches of this mail organized in Germany and other European countries rendered great services in the development of postal messages [2]: within its framework, a horse relay system was created, which reduced the time for transporting mail and made the time of its delivery predictable. Thereafter, the house of Thurn y Taxis, which used your imperial colors of yellow and black, retained the postal privilege for many centuries. In 1650, the Thurn y Taxis post office used the first horse-drawn carriages in Europe since ancient Rome. Thurn und Taxis stamp for the North German states (1865) Thurn und Taxis stamp for the North German states (1865) Thurn-and-Taxis stamp for the South German states (1859) Thurn-and-Taxis stamp for the South German states (1859) The Thurn-et-Taxis family lost its monopoly when Napoleon granted the Confederation of the Rhine the right to carry out postal communications. The Thurn und Taxis postal service continued to operate and even issued its own postage stamps, but after the creation of the North German Confederation by Prussia, the owners of the Thurn und Taxis post office had to sell their postal privilege in 1867[6]. German principalities Main articles: Postal history and postage stamps of Bavaria, Postal history and postage stamps of Baden, Postal history and postage stamps of Bergedorf, Postal history and postage stamps of Brunswick, and Postal history and postage stamps of Hamburg Main articles: Postal history and postage stamps of Hanover, Postal history and postage stamps of Helgoland, Postal history and postage stamps of Lübeck, Postal history and postage stamps of Mecklenburg, and Postal history and postage stamps of Oldenburg Main articles: Postal history and postage stamps of Prussia, Postal history and postage stamps of Saxony, and Postal history and postage stamps of the North German Confederation The idea of a postal regalia, that is, the exclusive right of the government to maintain postal institutions within the state territory, was first put forward at the end of the 16th century, and in the 17th century it began to be put into practice. The first of the German sovereigns to establish a government post office and recognize the nature of a monopoly behind it was the great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1646). His example was followed by other significant imperial ranks. At the same time, the content of the mail began to be seen not only as a right, but also as an obligation of governments. Already at the beginning of the 18th century, some statesmen (for example, Friedrich Wilhelm I in Prussia) abandoned their fiscal views on the post office and saw its task in reducing the cost of postal rates and making postal messages as accessible to the population as possible. In contrast to France, where the forwarding of letters (French poste aux lettres) was declared a state monopoly, but along with government mail there were private enterprises for the transport of passengers (messageries), in the larger German states, the activities of government mail covered both the forwarding of letters and goods, as well as the transport of passengers. The government post office of Saxony, Braununschweig-Hanover, Hesse, and especially Brandenburg-Prussia was famous for its expedient organization. From 1655 on the main Prussian line Kleve-Memel, mail departed twice a week; from Königsberg to Berlin, she arrived within four days, from Königsberg to Kleve - in 10 days. It was unusual speed for that time. In addition to branches to Hamburg, Stettin, Leipzig and Breslau, postal communications were maintained in the west with Holland, in the east with Warsaw and the Swedish post in Riga. In the matter of transporting passengers, Prussia, however, was already surpassed by countries with more comfortable roads at the end of the 18th century. All the more struck contemporaries the success achieved by Prussia in 1821, when the so-called him were established. Nagler'sche Schuellposten, with traveling carriages[2]. A big step forward in the organization of mail was the Austro-German Postal Union [en], concluded in 1850 between Prussia, Austria, other German states and the Taxis postal administration on the basis of a uniform and uniform collection of postage. This union ceased to exist after the war of 1866, but during the years 1867-1873, first the North German Confederation, and then the German Empire, concluded a series of postal conventions imbued with the same spirit [2]. Prior to German unification in 1871, individual German principalities and cities began to issue their own postage stamps. The first was Bavaria, which issued the "Black Unity" on November 1, 1849. After this marki released: Baden (1851), Bergedorf (1861), Braunschweig (1852), Bremen (1855), Hamburg (1859), Hanover (1850), Helgoland (1867), Lübeck (1859), Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1856), Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1864), Oldenburg (1852), Prussia (1850), Saxony (1850), Schleswig-Holstein (1850) and Württemberg (1851). Also, not being a state entity, the Thurn and Taxis post had the right to issue postage stamps and transport mail and issued their own stamps (1852). In 1868, the northern German principalities merged into the North German Confederation and merged their postal services into the North German Postal District[de]. After the unification, Bavaria and Württemberg retained the postal right to continue issuing postage stamps until March 31, 1920[7]. Further postal development and stamp issues German Empire This period in German postal history corresponds to the united Kaiser state that existed from 1871 to 1918 and issued its own postage stamps. Imperial Post Main article: Imperial mail The unification of mail in the territory of the North German Union was carried out from 1868. When the German Empire was founded, the latter took over the postal business in all the states that were part of the empire, with the exception of Bavaria and Württemberg, which retained independent postal administrations. The postal business was left to imperial legislation, which also applied to Bavaria and Württemberg. The domestic legislation of the latter regulated only the rates for postal items that did not go beyond their territory[2]. The Deutsche Reichspost ("German Imperial Post") was officially established on May 4, 1871. The central office of the imperial-German post was the Imperial Post Office (Reichspostamt), subordinate to the imperial chancellor and run by the Secretary of State for Postal Affairs [2]. At first, the postage stamps of the North German Confederation continued to be used in post offices, until the first stamps of the imperial post appeared in circulation on January 1, 1872[8]. Heinrich von Stefan, a well-known postal expert[2], the inventor of the postcard and the founder of the General Postal Union, was appointed the first postmaster general of the imperial post[9]. According to G. von Stefan, out of 600 million letters sent in 1873 by German mail, 15% were correspondence from government agencies, 5% - from science and art, 45% - from family and private contacts, and only 35 % - to the share of trade and industry. In addition, in the same year, 230 ml. copies of periodicals. In 1873, Germany took the initiative to establish a uniform, regardless of the distance and the actual weight of the parcel, a cheap tariff in relation to light parcels that did not exceed 5 kg [2]. The history of the Universal Postal Union began in 1874, when the first Universal Postal Congress[de] took place in Bern, which was attended by representatives of 22 states, including Germany. The basic principles proposed by Germany - the unity of the postal territory, complete freedom and possible gratuitous transit, the unity of the postage and the principle of balancing, and not the distribution of postage - were partly accepted entirely, partly served as the subject of various kinds of compromises. On October 9, 1874, the Universal Postal Convention was signed, which applied to Germany and other countries that acceded to this agreement[2]. In the same year, the operation of postal orders [de] (German: Postauftrag) was introduced in Germany for the first time, which consisted in the fact that the post office took upon itself the collection of payment from the debtor on bills, invoices, invoices and similar documents and forwarding them to the creditor by ownership . At the same time, the post office, at the request of the creditor-sender, not only presented bills of exchange to receive payment to the debtor-addressee, but, if necessary, subjected them to a protest in the generally established manner. The post office also took on another type of assignment: it presented bills to the drawee for acceptance and, in the absence of acceptance, was obliged to make a protest. Later, at the Lisbon III Congress of the UPU in 1885, Germany and the states in which the operation of postal orders is carried out concluded an agreement among themselves on the extension of this operation to their mutual relations. With the advent of the telegraph and its recognition as an indispensable means of communication, in Germany the postal business was combined with the telegraph business, to the great benefit of both departments, which was followed by almost all other states. This happened in 1875, when the management of telegraphs began to be concentrated in the Imperial Post Office [2]. In subsequent years, the entire territory of the German Imperial Post was divided into 40 postal and telegraph districts, which were administered by chief post directors. They included advisers for the execution of orders, architects (Postbauräte) for the construction of postal and telegraph buildings, and postal inspectors forrevision production. Wherever only the vastness of communications did not require special telegraph and telephone institutions, the latter were connected with post offices (Postämter), which, according to the significance of the locality, were divided into three categories. The fourth category of postal institutions were postal agencies (Postagenturen), which were entrusted not to a special official, but to one of the local inhabitants (postal agent), who did not even leave his private occupations. The transportation of mail by rail was managed by 33 traveling post offices (Bahnpostämter). In significant villages where there were no post offices, auxiliary post offices (German: Posthilfsstelle) were set up, which sold postage stamps, received and issued simple correspondence, and in some places received internal telegrams [2]. At the 4th UPU Congress in Vienna in 1891[de], Germany joined, among other countries, an agreement whereby governments mutually undertook to deliver periodicals published within their territories at the same prices as to domestic subscribers, with a surcharge only possible transit costs. In addition, Germany had concluded separate agreements with France, England and the United States on the observance in mutual relations of the same regulations in relation to the periodicals of such countries that had not yet acceded to the international convention on the newspaper operation[2]. In 1893, the total number of mailboxes in Germany reached 95,149 units, against 24,703 in 1871[2]. According to information about the number and activities of postal institutions in 1894, in Germany there were[2]: 30,346 post offices, or one post office per 17.8 km² and per 1,629 inhabitants; 3,656,920,000 shipments, including: 1 312 154 thousand letters, 448,124 thousand open letters, 1,640,486 thousand printed works, 99,695 thousand postal orders and 139,932 thousand parcels. There were an average of 68.8 postal items per inhabitant. The excess of the income of the postal department over expenses, in terms of the rubles of the Russian Empire of that time, amounted to 11,029,605 rubles [2]. The exemplary organization of the German post office owed a lot to G. von Stefan, during whose administration the number of post offices increased from 4,520 in 1870 to 31,786 in 1895 (with Bavaria and Württemberg), the number of letters sent - from 857 million (including open 7 million letters) to 2360 million (including 443 million open letters), the number of forwarded newspapers - from 191 million to 890 million, the number of forwarded parcels - from 7 million to 443 million, the number of international shipments - from 68 million to 132 million[ 2]. By the end of the 19th century, Germany remained one of the few countries where the post office also took over the transportation of passengers in areas where there were no railways. In addition to their direct purpose, the German postal institutions also served as bodies of state insurance for workers, performing in this role a lot of work on receiving and making payments; they also sold stamps and bills of exchange. To carry out its extensive functions, the German Imperial Post had a staff of 148,961 in 1895. Postal agents by the end of January 1898 consisted of 8335 people, including 1449 innkeepers, 1375 artisans, 1298 farmers, 1174 merchants and 1084 teachers. Poste restante mail was kept at German post offices for one month, and valuable packages abroad for two months, after which it was dealt with as unreleased mail. Measures were also taken to combat the inaccuracy of senders who deliver correspondence with illegible addresses, for which the pupils of German public schools practiced the correct inscription of addresses[2]. In Germany, a system of postal orders was introduced, in which the transfer was sent by official order directly from the postal place of departure to the postal destination, which paid the money to the addressee at home or called him to receive the money by summons. The maximum amount for which postal orders were allowed was not very large and did not exceed 400 German marks. Recipients who received many transfers and had a checking account with the Reichsbank could have the corresponding amounts transferred to their account instead of being paid out in cash. In 1905, Germany entered into an agreement on the mutual exchange of postal money orders with Russia[2]. According to the International Bureau of the UPU for 1903[10], Germany ranked third in the world in terms of the density of the postal network, with one post office per 14 square meters. km. The imperial post was second only to the United States in terms of the size of its staff (231 thousand postal workers), in the number of kilometers traveled by mail per year (346 million) and in the number of written items of internal correspondence (4 billion, or 5.5 billion, if we include here those delivered by mail newspapers). With regard to the frequency of postal communication, Germany is far ahead of other countries: for every kilometerrailway mail route here accounted for the annual work of 4600 km. In Germany, there were the largest number of foreign letters in the world: from there in 1903 266 million written items were sent to other countries, and 242 million lengths of postal routes were received. Germany also significantly outperformed other countries in domestic (210 million items) and international (11.8 million items sent and 7.2 million received) exchange of parcels, the value of mailed letters and parcels with a declared value (24 billion francs) and the volume postal orders (13 billion francs). In Germany, postal orders worth 900 million francs were completed, that is, more than all other states (except Belgium) in which this kind of service was installed[2]. The basic rate for forwarding simple closed letters in Germany at that time was 10 pfennigs. At the same time, 15 g was accepted as a weight unit, and letters that had a greater weight, up to the maximum weight (250 g), were paid only at a double rate. Unpaid or not fully paid letters, although they were forwarded, a uniform surcharge of 10 pfennigs was made for the forwarding of an unfranked letter; the share of such letters was 2.7% of the total number of letters. For open letters, there was a reduced fee of 5 pfennigs. For parcels, a higher weight limit was established, which for printed works reached 1 kg, and for factory samples - up to 250 g. regardless of weight, 10 pfennigs. Special increased rates could be levied on written correspondence, for example, for letters that, on the basis of a preliminary agreement, were issued to addressees at the station immediately upon the arrival of the train (Bahnhofsbriefe). The basic rate for closed international letters, although twice the basic rate established for internal correspondence, still did not reach the maximum normal rate, amounting to only 20 pfennigs for every 15 g [2]. The most common stamps of the Reichspost were stamps with an allegorical design "Germany". These stamps were issued from 1900 to 1922, making them the longest-serving series in German philately, with the most significant design change[en] during this time being the change of the inscription "Reichspost" ("Imperial Post ”) to the “Deutsche Post” (“German Post”). Colonies of Germany Stamp of the Caroline Islands from the series "Yacht Hohenzollern" (Mi #19) Main article: Postal history and postage stamps of the German colonies At an early stage (circa 1887 or 1888), the postage was paid by ordinary German postage stamps of that period, so stamps that passed the post in the German colonies can only be identified by the impression of the postmark of the corresponding post office. Such brands are known as "Vorläufer" ("predecessors")[11]. At the next stage, ordinary postage stamps overprinted with the name of the territory were used. In general, by 1896 and later, overprinted stamps were issued by the German authorities for all colonies: German South West Africa, German New Guinea, Kiautschou, Togo, Samoa, Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands, German East Africa and Cameroon. Around 1900, for various colonial territories, the Hohenzollern Yacht series was issued with the same pattern - the image of the imperial ship of the same name. After the loss of Germany's colonies during the First World War, overprinted yacht stamps were temporarily used by the new masters of the colonies. German Post Abroad Main article: German post office abroad For postal communications with overseas countries, Germany had government-subsidized postal and steamship lines that supported German postal communications with the Far East, Australia and East Africa. Germany established several post offices. agencies in Asia, Polynesia and Africa[2]. In particular, the German Empire opened post offices in certain cities of Morocco, Turkey and China. Postage stamps issued and mailed there can be identified by the imprint of a postmark, or by an overprint, which may indicate the denomination in the local currency and the name of the country[12]. Occupation of territories in the First World War During the First World War, the German authorities issued postage stamps in the countries occupied by Germany: in Belgium, Poland, Romania, as well as in some areas of the western and eastern front[13]. Weimar Republic Germany's first airmail stamp, 1919 (Sc #C1) Reichspost Germany's first charity postage stamp, 1919 (Sc #B1) The Imperial Post continued to operate as a state organization after the declaration of Germany as a republic. In 1919, the Reichspost issued its first commemorative, airmail, and charity stamps[14]. On the first charity postage stamp inrailway mail route here accounted for the annual work of 4600 km. In Germany, there were the largest number of foreign letters in the world: from there in 1903 266 million written items were sent to other countries, and 242 million lengths of postal routes were received. Germany also significantly outperformed other countries in domestic (210 million items) and international (11.8 million items sent and 7.2 million received) exchange of parcels, the value of mailed letters and parcels with a declared value (24 billion francs) and the volume postal orders (13 billion francs). In Germany, postal orders worth 900 million francs were completed, that is, more than all other states (except Belgium) in which this kind of service was installed[2]. The basic rate for forwarding simple closed letters in Germany at that time was 10 pfennigs. At the same time, 15 g was accepted as a weight unit, and letters that had a greater weight, up to the maximum weight (250 g), were paid only at a double rate. Unpaid or not fully paid letters, although they were forwarded, a uniform surcharge of 10 pfennigs was made for the forwarding of an unfranked letter; the share of such letters was 2.7% of the total number of letters. For open letters, there was a reduced fee of 5 pfennigs. For parcels, a higher weight limit was established, which for printed works reached 1 kg, and for factory samples - up to 250 g. regardless of weight, 10 pfennigs. Special increased rates could be levied on written correspondence, for example, for letters that, on the basis of a preliminary agreement, were issued to addressees at the station immediately upon the arrival of the train (Bahnhofsbriefe). The basic rate for closed international letters, although twice the basic rate established for internal correspondence, still did not reach the maximum normal rate, amounting to only 20 pfennigs for every 15 g [2]. The most common stamps of the Reichspost were stamps with an allegorical design "Germany". These stamps were issued from 1900 to 1922, making them the longest-serving series in German philately, with the most significant design change[en] during this time being the change of the inscription "Reichspost" ("Imperial Post ”) to the “Deutsche Post” (“German Post”). Colonies of Germany Stamp of the Caroline Islands from the series "Yacht Hohenzollern" (Mi #19) Main article: Postal history and postage stamps of the German colonies At an early stage (circa 1887 or 1888), the postage was paid by ordinary German postage stamps of that period, so stamps that passed the post in the German colonies can only be identified by the impression of the postmark of the corresponding post office. Such brands are known as "Vorläufer" ("predecessors")[11]. At the next stage, ordinary postage stamps overprinted with the name of the territory were used. In general, by 1896 and later, overprinted stamps were issued by the German authorities for all colonies: German South West Africa, German New Guinea, Kiautschou, Togo, Samoa, Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands, German East Africa and Cameroon. Around 1900, for various colonial territories, the Hohenzollern Yacht series was issued with the same pattern - the image of the imperial ship of the same name. After the loss of Germany's colonies during the First World War, overprinted yacht stamps were temporarily used by the new masters of the colonies. German Post Abroad Main article: German post office abroad For postal communications with overseas countries, Germany had government-subsidized postal and steamship lines that supported German postal communications with the Far East, Australia and East Africa. Germany established several post offices. agencies in Asia, Polynesia and Africa[2]. In particular, the German Empire opened post offices in certain cities of Morocco, Turkey and China. Postage stamps issued and mailed there can be identified by the imprint of a postmark, or by an overprint, which may indicate the denomination in the local currency and the name of the country[12]. Occupation of territories in the First World War During the First World War, the German authorities issued postage stamps in the countries occupied by Germany: in Belgium, Poland, Romania, as well as in some areas of the western and eastern front[13]. Weimar Republic Germany's first airmail stamp, 1919 (Sc #C1) Reichspost Germany's first charity postage stamp, 1919 (Sc #B1) The Imperial Post continued to operate as a state organization after the declaration of Germany as a republic. In 1919, the Reichspost issued its first commemorative, airmail, and charity stamps[14]. On the first charity postage stamp inIn 1919, a new tariff was overprinted for the benefit of war invalids ((Sc #B1)). In 1923, during a period of hyperinflation, the Reichspost issued postage stamps in denominations of up to 50 billion marks. The most common stamp series then were the famous Germans series, and then the stamps with the Hindenburg. The first stamp of the prized German Zeppelin series appeared in 1928 ((Sc #C35-37)). Plebiscite territories Main articles: Postal history and postage stamps of Allenstein, Postal history and postage stamps of Marienwerder, and Postal history and postage stamps of Silesia After the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles in 1920, plebiscites were held in some territories to determine their fate. Postage stamps were issued in these territories for a short period of time: Allenstein and Marienwerder, Schleswig and Upper Silesia[15]. Danzig Main article: Postal history and postage stamps of Danzig Following the Treaty of Versailles in 1920, the Free City of Danzig became an independent unit. At first, the use of German postage stamps continued, on which, after some time, the overprint “Danzig” (“Danzig”) was made [16]. Danzig then issued the original postage stamps, which were in circulation until 1939. In addition, the Polish Post (Poczta Polska) had a post office in Danzig and issued Polish postage stamps overprinted with "Port Gdansk" ("Port of Gdansk"). On the original stamps of Danzig, 133 overprints were made over the entire period of circulation, of which 51 were for franking official correspondence; 49 - by changing the face value of the brand; 16 - commemorative; 14 - occupation; 3 for charitable fundraising for the Winter Welfare Fund. The first overprint of DM (Dienst Marke transl. from German. Service mark) was made on August 25, 1921 on a series of definitive stamps of 14 denominations. Intended for franking official correspondence, they were in circulation until September 30, 1923. The last overprint of Deutsches Reich (translated from German German Reich) was made on September 28, 1939 on 14 stamp values during the establishment of German administration in Danzig in September 1939, indicating the new denomination in Reichspfennig (German Reichspfennig) or Reichsmark (German Reichsmark). Reichsmark). It was in circulation until December 31, 1940 [17]. memel Hyperinflationary postage stamp, 1923 (Sc #298) According to the results of the Treaty of Versailles, the Memel region (Memelland, Klaipeda region) was allocated. Initially German, then French and Lithuanian postage stamps with appropriate overprints were used. Memel issued his own stamps between 1920 and 1923, when the territory was annexed by Lithuania[18]. The original stamps were overprinted, with a total of 67 stamps overprinted, all with the new denomination in Lithuanian Centų or Centai cents and Litas Litas. The first overprint was made on April 16, 1923, the last on December 15 of the same year[17]. Saar Main article: Postal history and postage stamps of the Saarland In accordance with the Treaty of Versailles, the territory of the Saar was under the control of the League of Nations. There, in the period from 1920 to 1935, when the Saar was returned to Germany following the results of the plebiscite, their own postage stamps were issued. The first stamps were the postage stamps of Germany and Bavaria with overprints. After World War II, the Saarland came under French administration and issued its own postage stamps from 1947-1956. After a referendum, the Saar was returned to Germany in 1956, but continued to issue its postage stamps until 1959[19]. Nazi Germany See also Illustrated list of postage stamps of the Third Reich[en] Post of the Third Reich Postage stamp of Nazi Germany: Chancellor and Fuhrer of the Greater German Reich, Adolf Hitler (1944) During Nazi Germany (1933-1945), the Reichspost continued to function as a state monopoly under the auspices of the Reich Post Office, with the design of postage stamps and the stamp program heavily influenced by National Socialist propaganda. Miniatures with the image of Hitler's head became widely used postage stamps, and a large number of postal-charity stamps were issued. In the last year before the end of the war, the inscription on postage stamps "Deutsches Reich" ("German Empire") was changed to "Grossdeutsches Reich" ("Great German Empire"). Starting in 1942, military field mail stamps were issued for the troops. On July 25, 1941, the world's first two-digit postal code system was introduced[20]. This system was first used for parcels, and then was extended to all postal items. Sudetenland/Bohemia and Moravia In accordance with the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland became a German territory in 1938. Initially, overprinted Czechoslovakian postage stamps were used at local post offices before German postage stamps went on sale. In 1939, Nazi Germany occupied part of the Czech Republic, first overprintedon Czech-Slovak stamps, and then issued postage stamps for "Bohemia and Moravia" until 1945! Vintage stamps and rare coins sale online! Продажа старинных марок и редких монет онлайн - stamplake.com STAMPLAKE.COM PROFESSIONAL SELLERFeatures and further details
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Germany 1900's - Bayern - Used - 2 Stamp Letter Card
All items are absolutely guaranteed to be genuine and as described. Buy with confidence-we are professional, full-time dealers in business for many years online on StampLake.com website. We pack and ship your purchases with care and consideration in a timely manner. With us, you can expect First-Class service and helpful consultation at no extra charge POSTAGE PRODUCT INFORMATION COLLECTING POSTAGE CARDS OF GERMANY OVER THE YEARS IS NOT ONLY AN ACQUAINTANCE WITH HISTORY, BUT ALSO A PROFITABLE INVESTMENT The history of the postal and postage stamps of Germany covers the stages corresponding to the postal systems in the territory of modern Germany: before and after the first join, during the existence of two German states (FRG and GDR until 1990) and after the second merger. The main postal operators in the entire German postal history were: Imperial Post (1871-1945), Deutsche Post (German Post, under the control of the Allied Powers: 1945-1949), German post of the GDR (1949-1990), Deutsche Bundespost (German federal post; 1949-1995), along with Deutsche Bundespost Berlin[en] (German federal post office in Berlin; 1949-1990), Deutsche Post AG (since 1995). Postage stamps have been issued in Germany since 1849. Content 1 Early history 1.1 Butchers Post 1.2 Church and city messengers 1.3 Turn-and-Taxis 1.4 German principalities 2 Further postal development and stamp issues 2.1 German Empire 2.1.1 Imperial mail 2.1.2 German colonies 2.1.3 German post abroad 2.1.4 Occupation of territories in World War I 2.2 Weimar Republic 2.2.1 Reichspost 2.2.2 Plebiscite territories 2.2.3 Danzig 2.2.4 Memel 2.2.5 Saarland 2.3 Nazi Germany 2.3.1 Post of the Third Reich 2.3.2 Sudetenland/Bohemia and Moravia 2.3.3 Occupation of territories in World War II 2.4 Partitioned Germany 2.4.1 Local releases 2.4.2 Allied occupation 2.4.3 German Federal Post Office West Berlin 2.4.4 German Post Office of the GDR 2.4.5 Deutsche Bundespost 2.5 United Germany 3 Summary 4 Propaganda and fantasy editions 5 Development of philately 6 See also 7 Notes 8 Literature 9 Links Early history Butchers Post The butchers' mail[de] is considered the first international post of the Middle Ages[1]. So, in some cities of southern Germany, the butcher's guild (German: Metzger) was charged with the transportation of letters and parcels, in return for which he was exempted from communal duties. The so-called "butcher's post" thus formed in some places acquired the significance of a state institution (in Württemberg) [2]. The butchers' guild organized the courier delivery of correspondence on horseback: upon the arrival of the mail, the sound of a horn was heard, announcing this, thanks to which the generally accepted postal emblem arose. The butcher's post arose in the 12th century and operated until 1637[3], when the Thurn y Taxis family became the monopoly of mail delivery[1]. Church and city messengers In the Middle Ages, the Church most of all needed the exchange of information, both because its structure rested on the beginning of centralization, and because for a long time it was the only bearer of the mental life of peoples. The archives of church institutions and the regests of the Roman curia testify that even at the very beginning of the Middle Ages there was a lively exchange of messages between the head of the Catholic hierarchy and its members. In the lands of the German spiritual order, a special administration of messengers or couriers arose for this purpose, and stations were established for changing horses[2]. With the development of city liberties, one of the most important means of communication in the Middle Ages was the institution of city messengers, which existed almost everywhere since the 14th century, but was especially developed in large shopping centers in Germany. From the numerous regulations that have come down to us for city messengers (in Cologne, Mainz, Nordhausen - in the 14th century, in Strasbourg - in 1443, in Augsburg - in 1552, in Breslau - in 1573, etc.) it is clear that they were under the jurisdiction of the city council, to which under oath they were obliged to obey. They did not receive a salary either from the community, or from individual corporations or merchant guilds. Coming out of the city on certain days, they delivered on horseback or on foot at the appointed time the correspondence of the city government, as well as letters and parcels from the townspeople, from whom they charged a fee. The institute of urban messengers received a strong and widespread development thanks to the unions of cities on the Rhine and in Lower Germany. The messengers of the Rhenish city union maintained the correct messages from Cologne and Mainz via Frankfurt to Nuremberg. The messengers of the Hanseatic cities were famous for their accuracy in meeting deadlines, maintaining communications between Hamburg, Bremen, Amsterdam and Antwerp, as well as eastward through Stettin, Danzig and Königsberg up to Riga. In southern Germany, the first place was occupied by the messengers of Augsburg; in addition to lines to Nuremberg (thrice a week), Lindau and Regensburg, they maintained communications with Italy; they arrived in Venice via the Brenner in eight days[2]. Thurn and Taxis Franz von Taxis on a FRG stamp, 1967 (Sc #971) Main article: Thurn y Taxis Post By the end of the 15th century, the name of the post office in Germany began to mean suna set of institutions established by the State or under the control of the State for the transmission of both government and private correspondence and for the transport of passengers. The first experience of organizing mail in this sense of the word on a broad international basis was made by members of the Taxis family from Bergamo, who took upon themselves the support of communications between the Habsburg possessions [2]. In 1497, on behalf of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, Franz von Taxis established a post office that replaced the messengers who carried state correspondence[4]. The branches of this mail organized in Germany and other European countries rendered great services in the development of postal messages [2]: within its framework, a horse relay system was created, which reduced the time for transporting mail and made the time of its delivery predictable. Thereafter, the house of Thurn y Taxis, which used your imperial colors of yellow and black, retained the postal privilege for many centuries. In 1650, the Thurn y Taxis post office used the first horse-drawn carriages in Europe since ancient Rome. Thurn und Taxis stamp for the North German states (1865) Thurn und Taxis stamp for the North German states (1865) Thurn-and-Taxis stamp for the South German states (1859) Thurn-and-Taxis stamp for the South German states (1859) The Thurn-et-Taxis family lost its monopoly when Napoleon granted the Confederation of the Rhine the right to carry out postal communications. The Thurn und Taxis postal service continued to operate and even issued its own postage stamps, but after the creation of the North German Confederation by Prussia, the owners of the Thurn und Taxis post office had to sell their postal privilege in 1867[6]. German principalities Main articles: Postal history and postage stamps of Bavaria, Postal history and postage stamps of Baden, Postal history and postage stamps of Bergedorf, Postal history and postage stamps of Brunswick, and Postal history and postage stamps of Hamburg Main articles: Postal history and postage stamps of Hanover, Postal history and postage stamps of Helgoland, Postal history and postage stamps of Lübeck, Postal history and postage stamps of Mecklenburg, and Postal history and postage stamps of Oldenburg Main articles: Postal history and postage stamps of Prussia, Postal history and postage stamps of Saxony, and Postal history and postage stamps of the North German Confederation The idea of a postal regalia, that is, the exclusive right of the government to maintain postal institutions within the state territory, was first put forward at the end of the 16th century, and in the 17th century it began to be put into practice. The first of the German sovereigns to establish a government post office and recognize the nature of a monopoly behind it was the great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1646). His example was followed by other significant imperial ranks. At the same time, the content of the mail began to be seen not only as a right, but also as an obligation of governments. Already at the beginning of the 18th century, some statesmen (for example, Friedrich Wilhelm I in Prussia) abandoned their fiscal views on the post office and saw its task in reducing the cost of postal rates and making postal messages as accessible to the population as possible. In contrast to France, where the forwarding of letters (French poste aux lettres) was declared a state monopoly, but along with government mail there were private enterprises for the transport of passengers (messageries), in the larger German states, the activities of government mail covered both the forwarding of letters and goods, as well as the transport of passengers. The government post office of Saxony, Braununschweig-Hanover, Hesse, and especially Brandenburg-Prussia was famous for its expedient organization. From 1655 on the main Prussian line Kleve-Memel, mail departed twice a week; from Königsberg to Berlin, she arrived within four days, from Königsberg to Kleve - in 10 days. It was unusual speed for that time. In addition to branches to Hamburg, Stettin, Leipzig and Breslau, postal communications were maintained in the west with Holland, in the east with Warsaw and the Swedish post in Riga. In the matter of transporting passengers, Prussia, however, was already surpassed by countries with more comfortable roads at the end of the 18th century. All the more struck contemporaries the success achieved by Prussia in 1821, when the so-called him were established. Nagler'sche Schuellposten, with traveling carriages[2]. A big step forward in the organization of mail was the Austro-German Postal Union [en], concluded in 1850 between Prussia, Austria, other German states and the Taxis postal administration on the basis of a uniform and uniform collection of postage. This union ceased to exist after the war of 1866, but during the years 1867-1873, first the North German Confederation, and then the German Empire, concluded a series of postal conventions imbued with the same spirit [2]. Prior to German unification in 1871, individual German principalities and cities began to issue their own postage stamps. The first was Bavaria, which issued the "Black Unity" on November 1, 1849. After this marki released: Baden (1851), Bergedorf (1861), Braunschweig (1852), Bremen (1855), Hamburg (1859), Hanover (1850), Helgoland (1867), Lübeck (1859), Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1856), Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1864), Oldenburg (1852), Prussia (1850), Saxony (1850), Schleswig-Holstein (1850) and Württemberg (1851). Also, not being a state entity, the Thurn and Taxis post had the right to issue postage stamps and transport mail and issued their own stamps (1852). In 1868, the northern German principalities merged into the North German Confederation and merged their postal services into the North German Postal District[de]. After the unification, Bavaria and Württemberg retained the postal right to continue issuing postage stamps until March 31, 1920[7]. Further postal development and stamp issues German Empire This period in German postal history corresponds to the united Kaiser state that existed from 1871 to 1918 and issued its own postage stamps. Imperial Post Main article: Imperial mail The unification of mail in the territory of the North German Union was carried out from 1868. When the German Empire was founded, the latter took over the postal business in all the states that were part of the empire, with the exception of Bavaria and Württemberg, which retained independent postal administrations. The postal business was left to imperial legislation, which also applied to Bavaria and Württemberg. The domestic legislation of the latter regulated only the rates for postal items that did not go beyond their territory[2]. The Deutsche Reichspost ("German Imperial Post") was officially established on May 4, 1871. The central office of the imperial-German post was the Imperial Post Office (Reichspostamt), subordinate to the imperial chancellor and run by the Secretary of State for Postal Affairs [2]. At first, the postage stamps of the North German Confederation continued to be used in post offices, until the first stamps of the imperial post appeared in circulation on January 1, 1872[8]. Heinrich von Stefan, a well-known postal expert[2], the inventor of the postcard and the founder of the General Postal Union, was appointed the first postmaster general of the imperial post[9]. According to G. von Stefan, out of 600 million letters sent in 1873 by German mail, 15% were correspondence from government agencies, 5% - from science and art, 45% - from family and private contacts, and only 35 % - to the share of trade and industry. In addition, in the same year, 230 ml. copies of periodicals. In 1873, Germany took the initiative to establish a uniform, regardless of the distance and the actual weight of the parcel, a cheap tariff in relation to light parcels that did not exceed 5 kg [2]. The history of the Universal Postal Union began in 1874, when the first Universal Postal Congress[de] took place in Bern, which was attended by representatives of 22 states, including Germany. The basic principles proposed by Germany - the unity of the postal territory, complete freedom and possible gratuitous transit, the unity of the postage and the principle of balancing, and not the distribution of postage - were partly accepted entirely, partly served as the subject of various kinds of compromises. On October 9, 1874, the Universal Postal Convention was signed, which applied to Germany and other countries that acceded to this agreement[2]. In the same year, the operation of postal orders [de] (German: Postauftrag) was introduced in Germany for the first time, which consisted in the fact that the post office took upon itself the collection of payment from the debtor on bills, invoices, invoices and similar documents and forwarding them to the creditor by ownership . At the same time, the post office, at the request of the creditor-sender, not only presented bills of exchange to receive payment to the debtor-addressee, but, if necessary, subjected them to a protest in the generally established manner. The post office also took on another type of assignment: it presented bills to the drawee for acceptance and, in the absence of acceptance, was obliged to make a protest. Later, at the Lisbon III Congress of the UPU in 1885, Germany and the states in which the operation of postal orders is carried out concluded an agreement among themselves on the extension of this operation to their mutual relations. With the advent of the telegraph and its recognition as an indispensable means of communication, in Germany the postal business was combined with the telegraph business, to the great benefit of both departments, which was followed by almost all other states. This happened in 1875, when the management of telegraphs began to be concentrated in the Imperial Post Office [2]. In subsequent years, the entire territory of the German Imperial Post was divided into 40 postal and telegraph districts, which were administered by chief post directors. They included advisers for the execution of orders, architects (Postbauräte) for the construction of postal and telegraph buildings, and postal inspectors forrevision production. Wherever only the vastness of communications did not require special telegraph and telephone institutions, the latter were connected with post offices (Postämter), which, according to the significance of the locality, were divided into three categories. The fourth category of postal institutions were postal agencies (Postagenturen), which were entrusted not to a special official, but to one of the local inhabitants (postal agent), who did not even leave his private occupations. The transportation of mail by rail was managed by 33 traveling post offices (Bahnpostämter). In significant villages where there were no post offices, auxiliary post offices (German: Posthilfsstelle) were set up, which sold postage stamps, received and issued simple correspondence, and in some places received internal telegrams [2]. At the 4th UPU Congress in Vienna in 1891[de], Germany joined, among other countries, an agreement whereby governments mutually undertook to deliver periodicals published within their territories at the same prices as to domestic subscribers, with a surcharge only possible transit costs. In addition, Germany had concluded separate agreements with France, England and the United States on the observance in mutual relations of the same regulations in relation to the periodicals of such countries that had not yet acceded to the international convention on the newspaper operation[2]. In 1893, the total number of mailboxes in Germany reached 95,149 units, against 24,703 in 1871[2]. According to information about the number and activities of postal institutions in 1894, in Germany there were[2]: 30,346 post offices, or one post office per 17.8 km² and per 1,629 inhabitants; 3,656,920,000 shipments, including: 1 312 154 thousand letters, 448,124 thousand open letters, 1,640,486 thousand printed works, 99,695 thousand postal orders and 139,932 thousand parcels. There were an average of 68.8 postal items per inhabitant. The excess of the income of the postal department over expenses, in terms of the rubles of the Russian Empire of that time, amounted to 11,029,605 rubles [2]. The exemplary organization of the German post office owed a lot to G. von Stefan, during whose administration the number of post offices increased from 4,520 in 1870 to 31,786 in 1895 (with Bavaria and Württemberg), the number of letters sent - from 857 million (including open 7 million letters) to 2360 million (including 443 million open letters), the number of forwarded newspapers - from 191 million to 890 million, the number of forwarded parcels - from 7 million to 443 million, the number of international shipments - from 68 million to 132 million[ 2]. By the end of the 19th century, Germany remained one of the few countries where the post office also took over the transportation of passengers in areas where there were no railways. In addition to their direct purpose, the German postal institutions also served as bodies of state insurance for workers, performing in this role a lot of work on receiving and making payments; they also sold stamps and bills of exchange. To carry out its extensive functions, the German Imperial Post had a staff of 148,961 in 1895. Postal agents by the end of January 1898 consisted of 8335 people, including 1449 innkeepers, 1375 artisans, 1298 farmers, 1174 merchants and 1084 teachers. Poste restante mail was kept at German post offices for one month, and valuable packages abroad for two months, after which it was dealt with as unreleased mail. Measures were also taken to combat the inaccuracy of senders who deliver correspondence with illegible addresses, for which the pupils of German public schools practiced the correct inscription of addresses[2]. In Germany, a system of postal orders was introduced, in which the transfer was sent by official order directly from the postal place of departure to the postal destination, which paid the money to the addressee at home or called him to receive the money by summons. The maximum amount for which postal orders were allowed was not very large and did not exceed 400 German marks. Recipients who received many transfers and had a checking account with the Reichsbank could have the corresponding amounts transferred to their account instead of being paid out in cash. In 1905, Germany entered into an agreement on the mutual exchange of postal money orders with Russia[2]. According to the International Bureau of the UPU for 1903[10], Germany ranked third in the world in terms of the density of the postal network, with one post office per 14 square meters. km. The imperial post was second only to the United States in terms of the size of its staff (231 thousand postal workers), in the number of kilometers traveled by mail per year (346 million) and in the number of written items of internal correspondence (4 billion, or 5.5 billion, if we include here those delivered by mail newspapers). With regard to the frequency of postal communication, Germany is far ahead of other countries: for every kilometerrailway mail route here accounted for the annual work of 4600 km. In Germany, there were the largest number of foreign letters in the world: from there in 1903 266 million written items were sent to other countries, and 242 million lengths of postal routes were received. Germany also significantly outperformed other countries in domestic (210 million items) and international (11.8 million items sent and 7.2 million received) exchange of parcels, the value of mailed letters and parcels with a declared value (24 billion francs) and the volume postal orders (13 billion francs). In Germany, postal orders worth 900 million francs were completed, that is, more than all other states (except Belgium) in which this kind of service was installed[2]. The basic rate for forwarding simple closed letters in Germany at that time was 10 pfennigs. At the same time, 15 g was accepted as a weight unit, and letters that had a greater weight, up to the maximum weight (250 g), were paid only at a double rate. Unpaid or not fully paid letters, although they were forwarded, a uniform surcharge of 10 pfennigs was made for the forwarding of an unfranked letter; the share of such letters was 2.7% of the total number of letters. For open letters, there was a reduced fee of 5 pfennigs. For parcels, a higher weight limit was established, which for printed works reached 1 kg, and for factory samples - up to 250 g. regardless of weight, 10 pfennigs. Special increased rates could be levied on written correspondence, for example, for letters that, on the basis of a preliminary agreement, were issued to addressees at the station immediately upon the arrival of the train (Bahnhofsbriefe). The basic rate for closed international letters, although twice the basic rate established for internal correspondence, still did not reach the maximum normal rate, amounting to only 20 pfennigs for every 15 g [2]. The most common stamps of the Reichspost were stamps with an allegorical design "Germany". These stamps were issued from 1900 to 1922, making them the longest-serving series in German philately, with the most significant design change[en] during this time being the change of the inscription "Reichspost" ("Imperial Post ”) to the “Deutsche Post” (“German Post”). Colonies of Germany Stamp of the Caroline Islands from the series "Yacht Hohenzollern" (Mi #19) Main article: Postal history and postage stamps of the German colonies At an early stage (circa 1887 or 1888), the postage was paid by ordinary German postage stamps of that period, so stamps that passed the post in the German colonies can only be identified by the impression of the postmark of the corresponding post office. Such brands are known as "Vorläufer" ("predecessors")[11]. At the next stage, ordinary postage stamps overprinted with the name of the territory were used. In general, by 1896 and later, overprinted stamps were issued by the German authorities for all colonies: German South West Africa, German New Guinea, Kiautschou, Togo, Samoa, Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands, German East Africa and Cameroon. Around 1900, for various colonial territories, the Hohenzollern Yacht series was issued with the same pattern - the image of the imperial ship of the same name. After the loss of Germany's colonies during the First World War, overprinted yacht stamps were temporarily used by the new masters of the colonies. German Post Abroad Main article: German post office abroad For postal communications with overseas countries, Germany had government-subsidized postal and steamship lines that supported German postal communications with the Far East, Australia and East Africa. Germany established several post offices. agencies in Asia, Polynesia and Africa[2]. In particular, the German Empire opened post offices in certain cities of Morocco, Turkey and China. Postage stamps issued and mailed there can be identified by the imprint of a postmark, or by an overprint, which may indicate the denomination in the local currency and the name of the country[12]. Occupation of territories in the First World War During the First World War, the German authorities issued postage stamps in the countries occupied by Germany: in Belgium, Poland, Romania, as well as in some areas of the western and eastern front[13]. Weimar Republic Germany's first airmail stamp, 1919 (Sc #C1) Reichspost Germany's first charity postage stamp, 1919 (Sc #B1) The Imperial Post continued to operate as a state organization after the declaration of Germany as a republic. In 1919, the Reichspost issued its first commemorative, airmail, and charity stamps[14]. On the first charity postage stamp inrailway mail route here accounted for the annual work of 4600 km. In Germany, there were the largest number of foreign letters in the world: from there in 1903 266 million written items were sent to other countries, and 242 million lengths of postal routes were received. Germany also significantly outperformed other countries in domestic (210 million items) and international (11.8 million items sent and 7.2 million received) exchange of parcels, the value of mailed letters and parcels with a declared value (24 billion francs) and the volume postal orders (13 billion francs). In Germany, postal orders worth 900 million francs were completed, that is, more than all other states (except Belgium) in which this kind of service was installed[2]. The basic rate for forwarding simple closed letters in Germany at that time was 10 pfennigs. At the same time, 15 g was accepted as a weight unit, and letters that had a greater weight, up to the maximum weight (250 g), were paid only at a double rate. Unpaid or not fully paid letters, although they were forwarded, a uniform surcharge of 10 pfennigs was made for the forwarding of an unfranked letter; the share of such letters was 2.7% of the total number of letters. For open letters, there was a reduced fee of 5 pfennigs. For parcels, a higher weight limit was established, which for printed works reached 1 kg, and for factory samples - up to 250 g. regardless of weight, 10 pfennigs. Special increased rates could be levied on written correspondence, for example, for letters that, on the basis of a preliminary agreement, were issued to addressees at the station immediately upon the arrival of the train (Bahnhofsbriefe). The basic rate for closed international letters, although twice the basic rate established for internal correspondence, still did not reach the maximum normal rate, amounting to only 20 pfennigs for every 15 g [2]. The most common stamps of the Reichspost were stamps with an allegorical design "Germany". These stamps were issued from 1900 to 1922, making them the longest-serving series in German philately, with the most significant design change[en] during this time being the change of the inscription "Reichspost" ("Imperial Post ”) to the “Deutsche Post” (“German Post”). Colonies of Germany Stamp of the Caroline Islands from the series "Yacht Hohenzollern" (Mi #19) Main article: Postal history and postage stamps of the German colonies At an early stage (circa 1887 or 1888), the postage was paid by ordinary German postage stamps of that period, so stamps that passed the post in the German colonies can only be identified by the impression of the postmark of the corresponding post office. Such brands are known as "Vorläufer" ("predecessors")[11]. At the next stage, ordinary postage stamps overprinted with the name of the territory were used. In general, by 1896 and later, overprinted stamps were issued by the German authorities for all colonies: German South West Africa, German New Guinea, Kiautschou, Togo, Samoa, Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands, German East Africa and Cameroon. Around 1900, for various colonial territories, the Hohenzollern Yacht series was issued with the same pattern - the image of the imperial ship of the same name. After the loss of Germany's colonies during the First World War, overprinted yacht stamps were temporarily used by the new masters of the colonies. German Post Abroad Main article: German post office abroad For postal communications with overseas countries, Germany had government-subsidized postal and steamship lines that supported German postal communications with the Far East, Australia and East Africa. Germany established several post offices. agencies in Asia, Polynesia and Africa[2]. In particular, the German Empire opened post offices in certain cities of Morocco, Turkey and China. Postage stamps issued and mailed there can be identified by the imprint of a postmark, or by an overprint, which may indicate the denomination in the local currency and the name of the country[12]. Occupation of territories in the First World War During the First World War, the German authorities issued postage stamps in the countries occupied by Germany: in Belgium, Poland, Romania, as well as in some areas of the western and eastern front[13]. Weimar Republic Germany's first airmail stamp, 1919 (Sc #C1) Reichspost Germany's first charity postage stamp, 1919 (Sc #B1) The Imperial Post continued to operate as a state organization after the declaration of Germany as a republic. In 1919, the Reichspost issued its first commemorative, airmail, and charity stamps[14]. On the first charity postage stamp inIn 1919, a new tariff was overprinted for the benefit of war invalids ((Sc #B1)). In 1923, during a period of hyperinflation, the Reichspost issued postage stamps in denominations of up to 50 billion marks. The most common stamp series then were the famous Germans series, and then the stamps with the Hindenburg. The first stamp of the prized German Zeppelin series appeared in 1928 ((Sc #C35-37)). Plebiscite territories Main articles: Postal history and postage stamps of Allenstein, Postal history and postage stamps of Marienwerder, and Postal history and postage stamps of Silesia After the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles in 1920, plebiscites were held in some territories to determine their fate. Postage stamps were issued in these territories for a short period of time: Allenstein and Marienwerder, Schleswig and Upper Silesia[15]. Danzig Main article: Postal history and postage stamps of Danzig Following the Treaty of Versailles in 1920, the Free City of Danzig became an independent unit. At first, the use of German postage stamps continued, on which, after some time, the overprint “Danzig” (“Danzig”) was made [16]. Danzig then issued the original postage stamps, which were in circulation until 1939. In addition, the Polish Post (Poczta Polska) had a post office in Danzig and issued Polish postage stamps overprinted with "Port Gdansk" ("Port of Gdansk"). On the original stamps of Danzig, 133 overprints were made over the entire period of circulation, of which 51 were for franking official correspondence; 49 - by changing the face value of the brand; 16 - commemorative; 14 - occupation; 3 for charitable fundraising for the Winter Welfare Fund. The first overprint of DM (Dienst Marke transl. from German. Service mark) was made on August 25, 1921 on a series of definitive stamps of 14 denominations. Intended for franking official correspondence, they were in circulation until September 30, 1923. The last overprint of Deutsches Reich (translated from German German Reich) was made on September 28, 1939 on 14 stamp values during the establishment of German administration in Danzig in September 1939, indicating the new denomination in Reichspfennig (German Reichspfennig) or Reichsmark (German Reichsmark). Reichsmark). It was in circulation until December 31, 1940 [17]. memel Hyperinflationary postage stamp, 1923 (Sc #298) According to the results of the Treaty of Versailles, the Memel region (Memelland, Klaipeda region) was allocated. Initially German, then French and Lithuanian postage stamps with appropriate overprints were used. Memel issued his own stamps between 1920 and 1923, when the territory was annexed by Lithuania[18]. The original stamps were overprinted, with a total of 67 stamps overprinted, all with the new denomination in Lithuanian Centų or Centai cents and Litas Litas. The first overprint was made on April 16, 1923, the last on December 15 of the same year[17]. Saar Main article: Postal history and postage stamps of the Saarland In accordance with the Treaty of Versailles, the territory of the Saar was under the control of the League of Nations. There, in the period from 1920 to 1935, when the Saar was returned to Germany following the results of the plebiscite, their own postage stamps were issued. The first stamps were the postage stamps of Germany and Bavaria with overprints. After World War II, the Saarland came under French administration and issued its own postage stamps from 1947-1956. After a referendum, the Saar was returned to Germany in 1956, but continued to issue its postage stamps until 1959[19]. Nazi Germany See also Illustrated list of postage stamps of the Third Reich[en] Post of the Third Reich Postage stamp of Nazi Germany: Chancellor and Fuhrer of the Greater German Reich, Adolf Hitler (1944) During Nazi Germany (1933-1945), the Reichspost continued to function as a state monopoly under the auspices of the Reich Post Office, with the design of postage stamps and the stamp program heavily influenced by National Socialist propaganda. Miniatures with the image of Hitler's head became widely used postage stamps, and a large number of postal-charity stamps were issued. In the last year before the end of the war, the inscription on postage stamps "Deutsches Reich" ("German Empire") was changed to "Grossdeutsches Reich" ("Great German Empire"). Starting in 1942, military field mail stamps were issued for the troops. On July 25, 1941, the world's first two-digit postal code system was introduced[20]. This system was first used for parcels, and then was extended to all postal items. Sudetenland/Bohemia and Moravia In accordance with the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland became a German territory in 1938. Initially, overprinted Czechoslovakian postage stamps were used at local post offices before German postage stamps went on sale. In 1939, Nazi Germany occupied part of the Czech Republic, first overprintedon Czech-Slovak stamps, and then issued postage stamps for "Bohemia and Moravia" until 1945! Vintage stamps and rare coins sale online! Продажа старинных марок и редких монет онлайн - stamplake.com STAMPLAKE.COM PROFESSIONAL SELLER
Type of capital investments, as investments in antiques is growing in popularity more and more each day. It's quite a profitable and safe investment, as prices for antiques are steadily growing (on average 20% per year), which often exceeds the growth of stocks in the stock market. In addition, investment in antiques enriches not only materially bringing income but also spiritually, bringing esthetic pleasure.
However, investing money in antiques is a complex activity. In order to make substantial amount of money, You need to acquire special knowledge and build relationships in the appropriate community. It is necessary to understand what things really have the potential to increase in value and which, on the contrary, are hopeless. The word "antique" has Latin roots and means "old". The core value of antiques is in the fact that they are old. Age objects which are considered as antique, can start from 10-15 years, depending on the historical, physical and chemical characteristics of the object. Often, investment in antiques and collecting go hand in hand. That's why making money on old things is going better at those who are careful to things and who are orientating in the history very well. Fortunately for new investors, in the environment of antiques consultants are available whose main task is to help the investor to separate the "wheat from the chaff" and to make competent investment. It should be noted that to start investing in antiques it's not necessary to have a large amount of money.
A lot of people begin with inexpensive paintings of young artists and a variety of interesting subjects. As a rule, in the beginning investor collects works of art in the style that appeales to him, purely for pleasure, and much later investor begins to think about making money.
You can buy antiques literally everywhere, even at the grandmother, neighbor. However, if you are not familiar with antiques, it is wiser to trust the various antique shops, exhibition and museum authority. Such authority have expertise in selling things and do not allow to enter counterfeits into the market.
If you want to do engage in such a profitable and exciting business, as investing in antiques, we will be happy to offer You assistance which will be provided by our experienced consultants who can help You see all the "pitfalls", to make the right choices and get real pleasure from the trip to the mysterious and magical world of collection.
Dear collectors! StampLake.com are working for you and it's very important for us, that you can always find and buy in our store exactly what you are looking for and dreaming about. Therefore, if you do not succeed in finding the item, let us know and we will find and order the product you are interested in.
Features and further details
Dear collectors! StampLake.com are working for you and it's very important for us, that you can always find and buy in our store exactly what you are looking for and dreaming about. Therefore, if you do not succeed in finding the item, let us know and we will find and order the product you are interested in.
Our company is made by collectors for collectors. We are selling various items which are related to the collection (coins, banknotes, faleras, antiques, various accessories, specialized literature and much else). Definitely here you will find a lot of necessary and useful items which you are interested in. We are always glad to meet you personally and definitely you will find the item you are interested in.
Contact us
We can be contacted at any time through eBay messages if you have any questions, comments or product requests. We will respond to you within 24-48 hours and do our best to help you out! We encourage our customers to contact us with any questions or concerns! We'd like to be sure you are completely satisfied with your purchase.
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|---|---|
| Shipping | WITH TRACKING NUMBER IN 1-2 WORKING DAYS AFTER PAYMENT |
| Disclaimer | If the description of the lot differs from its image, the image will have priority |
Best regards from STAMPLAKE.COM
- Condition: Items are on picture! 100% ORIGINAL. Priority shipping with tracking number Worldwide!
- Place of Origin: Germany & Colonies
- Color: Purple
- Grade: Ungraded
- Certification: Uncertified
- Modified Item: No
- Year of Issue: 1911-1920
- Type: Postage
- Quality: Used
- Currency: Pre-Decimal
- Region: Berlin
- Country/Region of Manufacture: Germany
- Topic: Flags, National Emblems
- Cancellation Type: Bullseye/SOTN
PicClick Insights - Germany 1900's - Bayern Postcard - Used - 2 Stamp Letter PicClick Exclusive
- Popularity - 2 watchers, 0.0 new watchers per day, 373 days for sale on eBay. Good amount watching. 0 sold, 1 available.
- Best Price -
- Seller - 510+ items sold. 0% negative feedback. Great seller with very good positive feedback and over 50 ratings.
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